Human Parvovirus 4: A harmless bystander or a pathogen of severe acute respiratory illness

Abstract

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, caused by a large number of viral and bacterial agents. PARV4 is a recently identified virus detected in human blood and variety of tissues, but its disease association with SARI could not be established.Objective: In the present case control study, we aim to investigate the association of PARV4 with SARI. Methods: The Nasal and Throat swab (NS/TS) samples of 241 cases and 146 healthy controls were tested for most common respiratory viruses and PARV4 by real-time PCR. Results: PARV4 was detected in 64(26.55%) SARI cases and only one healthy control (0.68%). PARV4 was the most common viral agent detected in SARI cases. A strong association of PARV4 is seen with severe respiratory illness. Conclusion: Detection of PARV4 in a significantly higher number of SARI cases, in comparison with controls, suggests association of PARV4 with SARI. PARV4 genotype 2 is the only circulating strain detected in our study.

Human parvovirus 4: An emerging etiological agent in cases presenting with influenza like illness

“…Genotype‐2 (formerly known as PARV5) has been identified in European and North American cohorts 2,15 . It was also the predominant strain reported from Asia 2,5 . However, further studies need to be done from different parts of the world for better insight into the genotypic association of human PARV4 with ILI.…”

Capsid Structure of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus and Human Parvovirus 4: New Faces in the Parvovirus Family Portrait

“…The virus has been detected worldwide in plasma and different tissues, and it seems to be transmitted parenterally to hemophiliacs and injection-drug users, but with no clear clinical manifestations (reviewed in [ 14 ]). However, a recent study reported a strong association between PARV4 and individuals showing severe respiratory illness, and its DNA was found in cerebrospinal fluid from two children with encephalitis [ 16 , 17 ]. PARV4 has been assigned to the genus Tetraparvovirus , along with other members infecting pigs, sheep, cattle, yaks, and bats [ 18 ].…”

Investigation of Bufavirus and Parvovirus 4 in Patients with Gastro-Enteritis from the South-East of France

“…Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), a virus belonging to the genus Tetraparvovirus was first described in 2005 in plasma from patients with acute viral infection syndrome. It has been classified in three genotypes, and genotype 2 was formerly known as PARV5 [ 5 , 13 , 14 ]. The low genetic diversity between PARV4 genotypes (<3% at the amino acid level) supports that introduction in human populations is likely to have occurred recently [ 15 ].…”

“…The low genetic diversity between PARV4 genotypes (<3% at the amino acid level) supports that introduction in human populations is likely to have occurred recently [ 15 ]. PARV4 has been detected in blood/plasma samples, autopsy samples, stools, nasopharyngeal swabs, bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid; the clinical impact of PARV4 infection remains uncertain, but reported disease associations include influenza-like syndrome, encephalitis, worsening of HIV evolution and fetal hydrops; PARV4 association with gastroenteritis remains to be established [ 5 , 13 , 15 , 16 ].…”