Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of the fragrance lysmeral after a single oral dosage

Scherer, Max; Koch, Holger M.; Schütze, André; Pluym, Nikola; Krnáč, Dušan; Gilch, Gerhard; Leibold, Edgar; Scherer, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.005

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Overall, the toxicokinetic data of the metabolites prove that geraniol is rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted after oral ingestion. The present results are in good accordance with the study of Pavan et al (2018), who reported also a high absorption after oral gavage in rats and other studies on the kinetics of terpene molecules. ,− Table summarizes the toxicokinetic data obtained in other terpene molecule studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Human Metabolism and Urinary Elimination Kinetics of the Fragrance Geraniol after Oral Dosage

Jäger,

Koch,

Leibold

et al. 2023

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Human Metabolism and Urinary Elimination Kinetics of the Fragrance Geraniol after Oral Dosage

Jäger,

Koch,

Leibold

et al. 2023

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…Higher TBBA urine concentrations found in young boys (especially for creatinineadjusted TBBA) also cannot be explained with the available data. Lysmeral metabolism has so far only been investigated in adults and the small number of subjects (N = 5) does not allow sex stratification (Scherer et al, 2017). Thus, as we were no able to detect any differences in use of lysmeral containing consumer-product between parents of boys and girls in the GerESV-data; investigation of biological sex/gender factors should be included in further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In humans the excreted metabolites of lysmeral are clearly dominated by the secondary metabolite TBBA, which represented on average 14.3% of the administered dose, followed by the primary metabolite lysmerol, yielding 1.82% of the dose after 48 h. Further metabolites hydroxy-lysmerylic acid and lysmerylic acid represent only 0.20 and 0.16% of the dose, respectively. While lysmerol is its structural similarity regarded as specific metabolite of lysmeral, TBBA has been reported to be also a product of 4-tert-butyl-toluene metabolism [ 51 ]. The analysis of samples of Environmental Specimen Bank showed a high correlation between TBBA and lysmerol urine concentrations (r = 0.577; p < 0.001), confirming that both metabolites are suitable biomarkers for lysmeral exposure at least for adults [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the European Chemical Agency database, TBBA and 4-tert-butyl-toluene are not intended to be used in consumer products. TBBA is used in polymer production as a process regulator (chain stop agent) and as a thermal stabilizer in PVC [ 51 ]. The chemical 4-tert-butyltoluene is an intermediate for organic synthesis perfumes and fragrances, among the others, lysmeral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012–2015): Integrating Sex/Gender into Analysis

Fichter

Groth

Fiedler

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Comprehensive consideration of the biological and social diversities of sex and gender as well as their interdependencies is mostly missing in human biomonitoring (HBM) studies. Using the INGER sex/gender concept as theoretical background, we analyzed differences in exposure to lysmeral, a compound commonly found as a fragrance in cosmetics, personal care, and household products, in 2294 children and adolescents in Germany using decision tree, regression, and mediation analysis. The variables “sex assigned at birth” and “age”, as well as well as use of personal care products and fabric conditioner proved to have the highest explanatory value. Mediating effects of behaviour associated with societal gender expectations were observed, as the use of cosmetics correlated highly with lysmeral metabolites concentrations in girls between 6 and 17 years, with the strongest effect in adolescents between 14 and 17 years old. In the youngest age group (3–5 years) boys showed higher concentration of the metabolite tert-butylbenzoic acid (TBBA) compared to girls of the same age but only if TBBA urine concentrations were normalized on creatinine. Our study offers the first retrospective sex/gender assessment of HBM data. It demonstrates the possibilities to rethink and broaden sex/gender analysis in existing HBM-studies and highlights the need for inclusion of new sex/gender concepts in the design of new studies.

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“…Les doses d'incorporation varient en fonction du cosmétique formulé. On pourra en retrouver de fortes doses (soit 1,9 %) dans les parfums ou des doses moindres dans les lotions après-rasage (0,6 %) ou encore dans les autres cosmétiques (dose inférieure à 0,12 %) [6]. Les souris sont particulièrement sensibles aux molécules odorantes à fonction aldéhyde.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Lilial (butylphényl méthylpropional): Synthèse et Problématique Sanitaire

Labidi¹

2021

Preprint

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La parfumerie moderne naît à la fin du 19me siècle. À cette époque, les parfumeurs commencent à incorporer dans leursformules des ingrédients de synthèse, ce qui amplifie la palette du professionnel, lui offrant plus de créativité. Cela permet égalementd’obtenir des formes olfactives plus abstraites. Les chimistes sont aujourd’hui capables d’isoler des composés aromatiques présents dansune matière première naturelle, de les purifier et d’obtenir la structure moléculaire de celle-ci. Une fois cette structure identifiée, lespécialiste pourra, à l’aide de la chimie organique, recomposer les molécules.Grâce à l’innovation et la recherche, le chimiste est désormaiscapable de fabriquer autant de molécules qu’il le souhaite, à volonté. Pourtant, même si ce jeu de construction parait plutôt aisé à vuede nez, il est loin d’être aussi facile de prévoir l’odeur d’une molécule. Cependant, il serait erroné de penser que la chimie n’a que dubon. Aujourd’hui lorsque l’on sait que le synthétique représente, selon diverses sources, entre 50 % et 90 % de la formulation en général,on peut légitimement se poser des questions. Avons-nous trop conquis le continent artificiel. La chimie est là pour soutenir le naturel,acceptons-nous d’altérer notre santé au profit d’une odeur qui pourrait nuire à notre bien-être ?

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Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of the fragrance lysmeral after a single oral dosage

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Human Metabolism and Urinary Elimination Kinetics of the Fragrance Geraniol after Oral Dosage

Human Metabolism and Urinary Elimination Kinetics of the Fragrance Geraniol after Oral Dosage

Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012–2015): Integrating Sex/Gender into Analysis

Lilial (butylphényl méthylpropional): Synthèse et Problématique Sanitaire

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