Human Impact on Erodable Phosphorus and Eutrophication: A Global Perspective

Bennett, Elena M.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Caraco, Nina F.

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0227:hioepa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 801 publications

(427 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Anthropogenic sources account for 65% (0.71 Tg year -1 ) of the DIP exported to the coastal zone, with the remainder (0.38 Tg year -1 ) attributable to natural weathering processes; DIP yields range over five orders of magnitude, from \0.01 to 1,153 kg P km -2 year -1 with highest predicted DIP yields clustering in East Asia, Europe, and Indonesia. At both regional and global scales, the high retention of phosphorus inputs in the landscape is causing soil accumulation levels that will have long reaching effects on eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems (Bennett et al 2001).…”

Section: Trade Of Feed and Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region

et al. 2008

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We estimated net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs (NAPI) in the Chesapeake Bay region. NAPI is an index of phosphorus pollution potential. NAPI was estimated by quantifying all phosphorus inputs and outputs for each county. Inputs include fertilizer applications and non-food phosphorus uses, while trade of food and feed can be an input or an output. The average of 1987The average of , 1992The average of , 1997The average of , and 2002 NAPI for individual counties ranged from 0.02 to 78.46 kg P ha -1 year -1 . The overall area-weighted average NAPI for 266 counties in the region was 4.52 kg P ha -1 year -1 , indicating a positive net phosphorus input that can accumulate in the landscape or can pollute the water. Large positive NAPI values were associated with agricultural and developed land cover. County area-weighted NAPI increased from 4.43 to 4.94 kg P ha -1 year -1 between 1987 and 1997 but decreased slightly to 4.86 kg P ha -1 year -1 by 2002. Human population density, livestock unit density, and percent row crop land combined to explain 83% of the variability in NAPI among counties. Around 10% of total NAPI entering the Chesapeake Bay watershed is discharged into Chesapeake Bay. The developed land component of NAPI had a strong direct correlation with measured phosphorus discharges from major rivers draining to the Bay (R 2 = 0.81), however, the correlation with the simple percentage of developed land was equally strong. Our results help identify the sources of P in the landscape and evaluate the utility of NAPI as a predictor of water quality.

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Section: Trade Of Feed and Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region

et al. 2008

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“…Both phosphorus and nitrogen are involved (Guildford & Hecky 2000) although concern often focuses on phosphorus (Carpenter et al 1998a). Increased run-off of phosphorus from land to freshwaters is associated with a build-up of phosphorus concentrations in agricultural soils (Bennett et al 2001).…”

Section: Multiple States In Lakes (A) Eutrophication By Non-point Polmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple states in river and lake ecosystems

Dent

Cumming

Carpenter

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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134

113

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Nonlinear models of ecosystem dynamics that incorporate positive feedbacks and multiple, internally reinforced states have considerable explanatory power. However, linear models may be adequate, particularly if ecosystem behaviour is primarily controlled by external processes. In lake ecosystems, internal (mainly biotic) processes are thought to have major impacts on system behaviour, whereas in rivers, external (mainly physical) factors have traditionally been emphasized. We consider the hypothesis that models that exhibit multiple states are useful for understanding the behaviour of lake ecosystems, but not as useful for understanding stream ecosystems. Some of the best-known examples of multiple states come from lake ecosystems. We review some of these examples, and we also describe examples of multiple states in rivers. We conclude that the hypothesis is an oversimplification; the importance of physical forcing in rivers does not eliminate the possibility of internal feedbacks that create multiple states, although in rivers these feedbacks are likely to include physical as well as biotic processes. Nonlinear behaviour in aquatic ecosystems may be more common than current theory indicates.

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“…Because rivers are spatially nested complex systems [Allan, 2004], the influence of agricultural land use change on tropical freshwater streams depends on multiple interactions among physical, chemical, and biological conditions occurring across spatial and temporal scales [Ponette-González et al, 2010a, 2010bUriarte et al, 2011]. Directly assessing these interactions is necessary to evaluate how agricultural land use change affects downstream ecosystems [Beman et al, 2005;Bennett et al, 2001;Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of watershed‐climate interactions on stream temperature, sediment yield, and metabolism along a land use intensity gradient in Indonesian Borneo

et al. 2014

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Oil palm plantation expansion into tropical forests may alter physical and biogeochemical inputs to streams, thereby changing hydrological function. In West Kalimantan, Indonesia, we assessed streams draining watersheds characterized by five land uses: intact forest, logged forest, mixed agroforest, and young (<3 years) and mature (>10 years) oil palm plantation. We quantified suspended sediments, stream temperature, and metabolism using high-frequency submersible sonde measurements during month-long intervals between 2009 and 2012. Streams draining oil palm plantations had markedly higher sediment concentrations and yields, and stream temperatures, compared to other streams. Mean sediment concentrations were fourfold to 550-fold greater in young oil palm than in all other streams and remained elevated even under base flow conditions. After controlling for precipitation, the mature oil palm stream exhibited significantly greater sediment yield than other streams. Young and mature oil palm streams were 3.9°C and 3.0°C warmer than the intact forest stream (25°C). Across all streams, base flow periods were significantly warmer than times of stormflow, and these differences were especially large in oil palm catchments. Ecosystem respiration rates were also influenced by low precipitation. During an El Niño-Southern Oscillation-associated drought, the mature oil palm stream consumed a maximum 21 g O 2 m À2 d À1 in ecosystem respiration, in contrast with 2.8 ± 3.1 g O 2 m À2 d À1 during nondrought sampling. Given that 23% of Kalimantan's land area is occupied by watersheds similar to those studied here, our findings inform potential hydrologic outcomes of regional periodic drought coupled with continued oil palm plantation expansion.

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Human Impact on Erodable Phosphorus and Eutrophication: A Global Perspective

Cited by 801 publications

References 47 publications

Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region

Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region

Multiple states in river and lake ecosystems

Influence of watershed‐climate interactions on stream temperature, sediment yield, and metabolism along a land use intensity gradient in Indonesian Borneo

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