Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, AIDS, and Smoking Cessation: The Time is Now

Abstract

Treatments for persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or who have developed AIDS have advanced to the point where death is no longer the inevitable outcome of diagnosis. Combination antiretroviral therapy has made HIV infection less of a terminal condition and more of a medically manageable chronic disease. Thus, efforts to improve the health status and quality of life of HIV-infected persons have become one of the highest treatment priorities for the next decade. Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected persons, and quitting smoking would greatly improve the health status of these individuals. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of a smoking-cessation intervention specifically tailored to this population. This article reviews the evidence and rationale for advancing smoking-cessation treatments specifically tailored to the needs of HIV-infected persons and provides recommendations for future treatment studies.

Hydroxychloroquine and smoking in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus

“…58,59 Similarly, cigarette smoking is harmful to health, yet 50-70% of HIV-positive people smoke despite their compromised immune systems. [60][61][62][63] There are no data on smoking and use of sunscreens or sun-protective clothing.…”

A Test of Motivational Plus Nicotine Replacement Interventions for HIV Positive Smokers

“…Smoking among people with HIV may confer increased risks of medical consequences including development of bacterial pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, emphysema, lung cancer, periodontal disease, oral candidiases, oral hairy leukoplakia, oral lesions, Karposi's sarcoma, and AIDS dementia complex compared to HIV positive non-smokers (Burns et al 1996;Diaz et al 2000;Niaura et al 2000;Palacio et al 1997;Nieman et al 1993;Phelps et al 2001). Smoking is related to increased rates of depression and neurological disease among this HIV positive people, and smoking during pregnancy triples the risk of HIV transmission to the fetus (Niaura et al 2000).…”

“…Smoking is related to increased rates of depression and neurological disease among this HIV positive people, and smoking during pregnancy triples the risk of HIV transmission to the fetus (Niaura et al 2000). Smoking is also related to poorer health quality of life in general among people with HIV (Turner et al 2001).…”

“…Smoking is also related to poorer health quality of life in general among people with HIV (Turner et al 2001). Niaura et al (2000) reviewed the evidence and rationale for promoting smoking cessation among people with HIV. They found that over 70% of HIV positive outpatients smoked, and that 80% of that sample had not considered quitting (Niaura et al 2000).…”

“…Niaura et al (2000) reviewed the evidence and rationale for promoting smoking cessation among people with HIV. They found that over 70% of HIV positive outpatients smoked, and that 80% of that sample had not considered quitting (Niaura et al 2000). Similarly, Mamary et al (2002) found that 54% of outpatients with HIV smoked, but in contrast, found that 64% expressed some desire to quit.…”