Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Avidity Testing To Identify Recent Infection in Newly Diagnosed HIV Type 1 (HIV-1)-Seropositive Persons Infected with Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes

Chawla, Anupama; Murphy, Gary; Donnelly, CM; Booth, Clare; Ma, Jun; Parry, John; Phillips, Andrew; Geretti, Anna María

doi:10.1128/jcm.01879-06

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…19 Nevertheless, there are relatively few data on HIV-1 genetic diversity among MSM in Europe, and most of the available data have been provided by national surveillance systems 33,34 or from serosurveys of individuals attending HIV-1 screening programs in urban STI clinics. The overall percentage of non-B subtypes in our cohort (13.5%) is higher than the percentage reported in some northern European countries, which range from 4% to 12%, [17][18][19]34 although it is not even half of that observed in Greece. 5 The percentage of non-B infections in our study is higher than that found in previous studies conducted in Italy among MSM, heterosexual contacts, and IDUs, 13,[36][37][38][39] yet it is similar to that of another study, 40 reflecting the increasing circulation of non-B subytpes in the general population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…[12][13][14] However, little information is available on certain population groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), who seem to have a high risk of infection with non-B subtypes because they are more likely than heterosexual individuals to have sex abroad, thus in countries with a high percentage of non-B subtypes, and with nonnational sexual partners. 15,16 With regard to other European countries, the percentage of non-B subtypes among HIV-seropositive MSM has been reported to range between 4.0 and 11.1% in the United Kingdom, 17,18 12.0% in France, 19 and 28.8% in Greece. 5 To improve knowledge on the percentage of infection with non-B subtypes among MSM in Italy, we conducted a study among MSM with a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection who had presented to the largest sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic in Rome, Italy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Non-B HIV Type 1 Subtypes among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Rome, Italy

Giuliani

Montieri

Palamara

et al. 2009

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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An increase in the circulation of HIV-1 non-B subtypes has been observed in recent years in Western European countries. Due to the lack of data on the circulation of HIV-1 non-B subtypes among European HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men (MSM), a biomolecular study was conducted in Rome, Italy. HIV-1 partial pol gene sequences from 111 MSM individuals (76 drug naive and 35 drug experienced) were collected during the years [2004][2005][2006]. All these sequences were analyzed using the REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool, and aligned using CLUSTAL X followed by manual editing using the Bioedit software. A BLAST search for non-B subtype sequences was also performed. Twenty-six (23.4%) MSM were not Italians. Eight individuals (7.2%) were diag- The CRFs were more prevalent (8.1%) than pure subtypes (5.4%), which were distributed as follows: subtype C (2.6%), subtype A1 (1.7%), and subtype F1 (0.9%). Major mutations conferring resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) were not found among HIV-1 non-B subtype drugnaive patients but were found in two ARV-experienced individuals. The data show that viral diversity is likely increasing in a population group that had been previously characterized by the circulation of HIV-1 subtype B.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-B HIV Type 1 Subtypes among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Rome, Italy

Giuliani

Montieri

Palamara

et al. 2009

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…An AI of < 0.90 correctly identified 88.2% of recent infec-tions, but misclassified as recent infections 13.2% of serum samples collected afterward 33 . Avidity indices of ≤ 0.75 and ≤ 0.80 consistently identified seroconversion within 125 (95%CI: 85-164) and 142 (95%CI, 101-183) days, respectively 34 . AIDSdefining conditions were also found to interfere with the accuracy of this method, as previously described for the detuned and BED-CEIA assays.…”

Section: Avidity Index Methods •mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 , including additional data from Bush et al 12 , Chawla et al 34 , Barrin et al 38 and Schüpbach et al 41 . of the HIV infection over time paved the way for all subsequent assessments of HIV incidence based on cross-sectional studies, always profiting from the fact that incidence can be approximately deduced from available data on prevalence and the duration of a given infection (or non-transmissible medical condition).…”

Section: Pre-seroconversion •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of HIV-1 incidence based on serological methods: a brief methodological review

Morgado

Bastos

2011

Cad. Saúde Pública

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The paper reviews the serological methods employed in the estimation of HIV incidence based on cross-sectional studies, as well as the main findings from studies carried out in Brazil that have used such methods. Each method is briefly described, as well as their advantages and limitations. The different methods are also analyzed as a set of complementary but sometimes contradictory strategies under permanent criticism and review, still far from a gold standard. Finally, an additional question % central to the accurate monitoring of the AIDS epidemic using such methods % is discussed: whether the different methods should or should not be adjusted. The debate is open and controversy should be viewed as an unavoidable consequence of a very dynamic research field, informed by the progress in sciences as diverse as epidemiology, biostatistics, mathematical modeling and different branches of basic science, such as immunology, virology, and molecular biology.

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“…The BED, a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) used by the US CDC, detects the proportion of anti-HIV IgG present in a specimen relative to the total amount of IgG, which is an indicator of disease progression and provides an estimate of the time period since seroconversion [49,50]. Avidity is a measure of the affinity between antibodies and their antigens, the strength of which increases over time as the antibodies mature [51]. Avidity assays are modified ELISAs designed to investigate the maturity of the anti-HIV antibody response by using a chaotropic agent (guanidine or urea) to disrupt low-avidity antibody-antigen interactions.…”

Section: Estimating Incident Infection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Diagnostics: Challenges and Opportunities

Wong

Hewlett

2010

HIV Ther.

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Accurate HIV diagnostic testing continues to pose challenges, but there are also opportunities for assay performance improvements in key areas for specific intended-use settings. The genetic diversity of HIV can result in false and discordant results in assays that fail to detect new variant strains. The use of antiretroviral therapies has resulted in drug-resistant variants that require monitoring by sequencing and genotyping methods. Nucleic acid testing is the most sensitive and reliable platform for detection, but it is costly and limited to centralized testing facilities, making implementation difficult in resource-limited settings where HIV has hit the hardest. Rapid antibody tests suitable for point-of-care use are becoming more accessible in resource-limited settings, but these tests may not detect HIV during the acute infection stage. Emerging antigen/antibody combination assays are viable alternatives to nucleic acid testing for diagnosis of recent infections. Although patient monitoring (e.g., via CD4+ T-cell count and viral load determination) and infant diagnoses still rely on clinical laboratory-based testing, point-of-care options are being developed. There are other technical challenges to HIV diagnostic testing and emerging biodetection technologies that may be able to address them, but they are not yet proven.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Avidity Testing To Identify Recent Infection in Newly Diagnosed HIV Type 1 (HIV-1)-Seropositive Persons Infected with Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Non-B HIV Type 1 Subtypes among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Rome, Italy

Non-B HIV Type 1 Subtypes among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Rome, Italy

Estimates of HIV-1 incidence based on serological methods: a brief methodological review

HIV Diagnostics: Challenges and Opportunities

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