Human Health Risk Assessment through Roasted Meats Consumption

Abstract

Data on the content of metals and metalloids in roasted meats with different types of wood and charcoal are still scarce in the literature. The concentrations of metals (Al, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn) and metalloid (As) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion, and the estimated daily intake (EDI) for adults was assessed to determine the hazard quotient (HQ). The concentrations of Al, Cr, Cu, and Fe in raw meats were below the data obtained in other countries. The concentration of As (0.17 ± 0.42–0.23 ± 0.10 mg/kg), Mg (206.77 ± 3.99–291.95 ± 8.87 mg/kg), V (0.42 ± 0.14–6.66 ± 0.80 mg/kg), and Zn (6.66 ± 0.80–48.13 ± 0.56 mg/kg) in raw meats exceeded the values in the literature. The concentrations of Mg, As, Cr, Fe, V, and Zn are high when the meat is roasted using wood. All levels of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, V, and Zn in raw meats are lower than those of meat roasted with coal and wood. The content of As in meat roasted with Chromed Copper Arsenate (CCA) wood (15.10 ± 0.27–26.25 ± 1.47 mg/kg) is higher than meat roasted with charcoal (0.46 ± 0.09–1.16 ± 0.50 mg/kg). EDI and HQ values revealed a minimal exposure of the adult population to those metals through roasted-meats consumption. However, EDI values of As in some roasted meats are above standard limits. Roast meats with wood showed higher levels of major and trace elements than meats roasted with coal. High exposures, in the long-term, may cause damage to health.

Indirect Methods to Determine the Risk of Damage to the Health of Firefighters and Children Due to Exposure to Smoke Emission from Burning Wood/Coal in a Controlled Environment

“…Fresh and roasted meats were divided into groups as follows; the first being raw meats (beef topside and pork loin); the second group being beef topside and pork loin roasted with Eucalyptus citriodora wood; the third group being beef topside and pork loin roasted with Guazuma ulmifolia wood; the fourth group being beef topside and pork loin roasted with Anadenanthera falcata wood; the fifth group being beef topside and pork loin roasted with treated Eucalyptus (CCA-treated Eucalyptus wood); the sixth group being beef topside and pork loin roasted with Eucalyptus citriodora charcoal; and the seventh group being beef topside and pork loin roasted with Guazuma ulmifolia charcoal. For sample preparation, aliquots collection, roasted conditions, and dimensions of masonry barbecue, all the entire procedures were performed according to the methodology proposed by Leite et al (2020) [ 28 ], where meat samples were placed on a stainless steel grid, at a height of 40 cm from wood or charcoal, at a temperature of 280–300 °C. For each experiment with each type of wood and meat, the barbecue was cooled, cleaned, and sanitized, removing any particulate matter, such as ash, debris, or wood or charcoal residues.…”

“…Procedures were taken as described by Leite et al (2020) [ 28 ]. About 300 mg of each meat sample was accurately weighed in a Teflon digestion vessel.…”

“…All the digestion analyses steps were conducted in triplicate. The procedures for quantifying Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, V, and Zn in wood smoke through particulate matter obtained from roasted meats, using ICP OES, analytical calibration curve, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and correlation coefficient (R 2 ), are described by Leite et al (2020) [ 28 ].…”

Designing prototype rapid test device at qualitative performance to detect residue of tetracycline in chicken carcass

“…Everyone who analyzes the influence of residues on health, which will have a less beneficial impact on health, understands this idea. Furthermore, all chemical residues in food and feed must be zero, according to the World Health Organization [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Application of Geostatistical Analysis and Random Forest for Source Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Arable Land Soil

“…Arable land soil is fundamental to the survival of animals and plants, representing an important resource and basic element for human survival and development as well as being an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem [ 1 ]. Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr are five common potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in arable land [ 2 ].…”