Human exposure to trace elements through the skin by direct contact with clothing: Risk assessment

Rovira, Joaquim; Nadal, Martí; Schuhmacher, Marta; Domingo, José L.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.032

Cited by 91 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…where EXP derm is the dermal absorption dose (pg/kg BW/d), C is the concentration of the chemicals in textiles (ng/g), D is the density of the textile (mg/cm 2 ), SA is the skin contact surface area, 40 F mig is the migration rate of chemicals to the skin per day (0.005 1/d), 41 F contact is the fraction of contact area for skin (1, unitless), 41 F pen is the penetration rate of chemicals into body (0.01, unitless), 41 T is the contact duration between textiles and skin (assumed to be 1 d), 42 N is the mean number of events per day (assumed to be 1 1/d), 42 and BW is the average body weight for infants. 40 ■ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bisphenols, Benzophenones, BADGEs, and NOGEs in Textiles.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers in Textiles and Infant Clothing

Xue

Liu

Kannan

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

152

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Little is known with regard to the occurrence of potentially toxic chemicals in textiles and clothes. In this study, 77 textiles and infant clothing pieces were analyzed for the determination of bisphenols including bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS), benzophenones, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs). BPA and BPS occurred in 82% and 53% of the textile samples, respectively, and at mean concentrations of 366 and 15 ng/g, respectively. Benzophenone-3 (BP3) occurred in 70% of the samples at a mean concentration of 11.3 ng/g. Among 11 BADGEs and NOGEs analyzed, BFDGE was the predominant compound, with a mean concentration of 13.6 ng/g. Concentrations of target chemicals were assessed by fabric type, color, and uses. Socks contained the highest concentrations of BPA (mean: 1810 ng/g) with concentrations as high as 13 300 ng/g in a 97% polyester fabric marketed for infants. Calculated dermal exposure dose to BPA by infants via textiles was as high as 7280 pg/kg BW/d. This is the first study to report the occurrence of, and exposure to, BPA, BPS, BADGEs, and NOGEs in textiles and clothing.

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Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers in Textiles and Infant Clothing

Xue

Liu

Kannan

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

152

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“…Findings were compared with five previous studies on detection of trace elements in the fabric (Rather et al 2016;Rovira et al 2015;Rezic and Steffan 2007;Menezes et al 2010;Tuzen et al 2008). For determining the elements, optical emission spectrometry was employed by Rather et al (2016), Rovira et al (2015) and Rezic and Steffan (2007) where atomic absorption spectrometry was used by Menezes et al (2010) and Tuzen et al (2008).…”

Section: Level Of Trace Metals In the Finished Fabricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detection limits (mg/kg) were varied for various metals. Finally, outcomes were compared with five previous relevant studies (Rather et al 2016;Rovira et al 2015;Rezic and Steffan 2007;Menezes et al 2010;Tuzen et al 2008) to speculate the health risk.…”

Section: Determination Of Trace Metals Level In Finished Fabricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oppositely, substantial portion of these metals remains unreacted which create environmental impediment during disposal (Bechtold et al 2003;Rovira et al 2015). Toxic elements present in textile are not only responsible for environmental pollution, but also a potential health risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the concentration level, trace metals in finished textiles may cause several skin and others diseases including dermatitis, irritation, allergy, skin micro-flora reduction, liver damage, pulmonary congestion, cancer and, etc. (Rovira et al 2015;Von Goetz et al 2013;Leme et al 2014;Sengupta and Behera 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to use mordant for natural dyeing of textiles where the metals in wastewater and trace elements level in finished fabric will lies within safe zone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological risk assessment and health safety speculation during color fastness properties enhancement of natural dyed cotton through metallic mordants

2017

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Variety and durability of color are presumed as key constrains of natural dyes. So, this study attempts to investigate the effect of metallic mordants on the color fastness properties of ecologically dyed cotton fabric using banana floral stem sap. Color difference was measured in terms of hue (ΔH*), chroma (ΔL*) and value (ΔC*) difference. Metal ions in residual mordanting bath, dyeing wastewater and level of trace metals in the finished fabric surface were accessed to justify the environmental safety and speculate the health risk respectively. Pre-mordanted specimens were dyed at 100 °C for 60 min. Optical properties of extracted sap were observed by UV visible spectroscopy. Dye fixation with fiber was determined by FTIR-ATR spectra. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to determine the trace metals in finished fabric. Effect of metallic mordants were calculated in terms of color fastness to wash, water, perspiration, rubbing and light for estimating the color durability. Except light fastness property almost all color fastness values were 4/5, i.e. very good. Light fastness properties were improved for mordanting action with metallic salts. The level of trace metals in finished fabric were within the safe zone.

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Geochemical Provenance of Metalloids and Their Release

Keerthanan¹,

Bhattacharya²,

Vithanage³

2023

Medical Geology

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Human exposure to trace elements through the skin by direct contact with clothing: Risk assessment

Cited by 91 publications

References 37 publications

Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers in Textiles and Infant Clothing

Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers in Textiles and Infant Clothing

Ecological risk assessment and health safety speculation during color fastness properties enhancement of natural dyed cotton through metallic mordants

Geochemical Provenance of Metalloids and Their Release

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