Intelligent, highly conductive, robust, and flexible electronic textile embedded smart devices hold surging interest in the wearable personalized heating system or thermotherapy. However, designing of these structures with desirable thermotherapy...
With the advancement of nanotechnology and electroactive materials, conventional textiles have transformed into a versatile wearable electronic platform that will inevitably escalate the development of next‐generation flexible electronics. Integration of nanoscale conductive particles such as polymers, metals, or nanocarbons into different structural textile design has simplified the way of personal interactive communications and portable sensing by distributing superior stretchability and functionality in a smart textile device. However, for the real‐life application, it is crucial to recognize the functional reliability of wearable textile electronics. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in electronic textiles (e‐textiles) using different electroactive materials and textile architectures for numerous wearable applications. The first section highlights different textile architectures used in e‐textiles and their various properties. Various electroactive polymers from carbon, metal, and conductive polymers, including their electromechanical properties and wash durability, are then discussed. Subsequently, progress in textile‐based energy harvesting and storage, personal thermal management, flexible sensing, electrocardiography (ECG), electromagnetic interference shielding are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges regarding the current materials and processing strategies are pointed out, and practical strategies to fully realize e‐textile systems are suggested.
Textile-based
flexible and wearable electronic devices provide
an excellent solution to thermal management systems, thermal therapy,
and deicing applications through the Joule heating approach. However,
challenges persist in designing such cost-effective electronic devices
for efficient heating performance. Herein, this study adopted a facile
solution-processed strategy, “dip-coating”, to develop
a high-performance Joule heating device by unformly coating the intrinsically
conducting polymer (CP) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS) onto the surface of cotton textiles. The structural and
morphological attributes of the cotton/CP mixture were evaluated using
various characterization techniques. The electrothermal characteristics
of the cotton/CP sample included rapid thermal response, uniform surface
temperature distribution up to 94 °C, excellent stability, and
endurance in heating performance under various mechanical deformations.
The real-time illustration of the fabric heater affixed on a human
finger has demonstrated its outstanding potential for thermal therapy
applications. The fabricated heater may further expand it purposes
toward deicing, defogging, and defrosting applications.
Soft, wearable, stretchable, and flexible devices are intriguing in electronic fields, as they offer light weight, user-friendliness, and high-throughput performance. Electronic devices derived from bioresources spurred augmented benefits typically in terms of sustainability, biocompatibility, biointegration, and their device utilization in copious electronic fields such as biomedical healthcare, sensing, energy, intelligent clothing, and so forth. Significantly, the natural biopolymer silk has extensively been explored to design wearable electronic devices because of its excellent attributes and active functional sites present in their structures. Consequently, silk is being integrated with various carbon-based fillers, metallic interfaces, conducting polymers, etc. This review provides a comprehensive overview of silk integrated nanomaterial structures for wearable and bioelectronics applications. The outstanding structural features of silk materials have been discussed, summarizing their intrinsic properties and performance matrices for integration with various nanomaterials. Several silk/nanomaterial-enabled bioelectronics applications are presented, and in the end, future opportunities are also envisioned.
The desire for close human contact with electronic components for portable sensing, energy harvesting, and healthcare has sparked massive advances in wearable textile electronic (textronic) technology. Hierarchical textile assemblies (yarn/fibers,...
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