Human ecological analysis of farmers’ pro‐environmental behaviour in the face of drought: Application of Norm Activation Theory

Abstract

In the recent decades; due to the persistent change in the precipitation levels and the limited capacity of economic and social systems in responding to these changes, much attention has been paid to the negative impacts of climate change. One of the most important consequences of climate change is abnormal drought, which is affecting the livelihood of many farmers across the world. The number of areas affected by such droughts is increasing annually (Mengistu, 2011).Drought is the shortage of precipitation; this shortage causes shortages in soil moisture and surface water to the extent that disrupts natural life (Neisi et al., 2020). Drought has a complex and irregular nature that makes it very difficult to respond to and preempt; therefore, the best way to mitigate its impacts, especially on agriculture, is to take appropriate control and management measures. In recent years, it has been suggested that in the struggle against droughts and their effects, farmers could be amongst the most important assets of the agricultural sector (Neisi et al., 2020). Numerous empirical studies have shown that many villagers and farmers have usually found ways to adapt to the harsh conditions of drought; therefore,

Analysis of farmers’ environmental sustainability behavior: the use of norm activation theory (a sample from Iran)

“…A review of the literature shows that NAT has long been successfully used to investigate a wide variety of people’s intentions and behaviors such as travelers’ adoption behavior towards electric vehicles (Ashraf Javid et al 2021 ), environmentally responsible behavior for tourists and residents (Confente and Scarpi 2021 ), visitors’ binning behavior (Esfandiar et al 2021 ), farmers’ pro-environmental behavior in the face of drought (Hallaj et al 2021 ), organic food purchase intention (Le and Nguyen 2022 ), pro-environmental traveler behavior (O’Connor and Assaker 2021 ), farmers’ response to water crisis (Savari et al 2021 ), and compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines (Shanka and Gebremariam Kotecho 2021 ).…”

How Do Collective Efficiency and Norms Influence the Social Resilience of Iranian Villagers Against the COVID-19? The Mediating Role of Social Leadership

“…A review of the research literature (12)(13)(14)(15) shows that rural communities' decisions about coping and resilience with different shocks are a complicated process. This process generally depends on various factors such as comprehensive psychological, economic, and social factors (5,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, most of these studies include various shocks such as water scarcity (18), drought (19), floods (17), landslides (20), and climate change (16), but specifically in the field of COVID-19, few studies have focused on the role and importance of psychological and social factors.…”

“…This process generally depends on various factors such as comprehensive psychological, economic, and social factors (5,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, most of these studies include various shocks such as water scarcity (18), drought (19), floods (17), landslides (20), and climate change (16), but specifically in the field of COVID-19, few studies have focused on the role and importance of psychological and social factors. In other words, very few studies have been conducted on the resilience of rural communities to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in developing countries.…”

Growing agroecology in Nicaragua : Towards a multi-scale perspective on agroecological transitions

“…A growing body of work demonstrates that farmers' implementation of new pro-environmental technologies and practices are influenced by their attitudes, norms, and propensity to change(Ahnström et al 2009;J. Jansen et al 2009;Niles, Lubell, and Haden 2013;Meijer et al 2014;Fang, Ng, and Zhan 2018;Gholamrezai, Aliabadi, and Ataei 2021;Hallaj et al 2021;Tang, Liu, and Long 2021; Ataei et al 2022). Personal norms -one's internalized social norms, that give one a sense of moral obligation (see e.g.…”

“…Personal norms -one's internalized social norms, that give one a sense of moral obligation (see e.g. Jansson and Dorrepaal 2015) -have been shown to be one of the strongest predictors of farmers' implementation of pro-environmental practices(Lokhorst et al 2011;Martínez-García, Dorward, and Rehman 2013;Price and Leviston 2014;Lokhorst et al 2014;Hallaj et al 2021;Tang, Liu, and Long…”