Human Dopamine Receptor-Conjugated Multidimensional Conducting Polymer Nanofiber Membrane for Dopamine Detection

Abstract

In the brain and central nervous system, dopamine plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter or a local chemical messenger for interneuronal communication. Dopamine is associated with renal, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems. Additionally, dopamine dysfunction is known to cause serious illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, dopamine detection is essential for medical diagnosis and disease prevention and requires a novel strategy with high sensitivity and selectivity and a rapid response. Herein, we present a novel human dopamine receptor (hDRD1)-conjugated multidimensional conducting polymer nanofiber (NF) membrane for the selective and sensitive detection of dopamine. The membrane, which consists of multidimensional carboxylated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (MCPEDOT) NFs with nanorods, is used as a transistor in a liquid-ion gated field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor. Interestingly, hDRD1 is first expressed in Escherichia coli before it is immobilized onto the MCPEDOT NF. The hDRD1-MCPEDOT NF-based FET exhibits a rapid real-time response (<2 s) with high dopamine selectivity and sensitivity performance (approximately 100 fM). Furthermore, this FET device can be integrated into a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic system and also can retain its high performance in the integrated system, which results in the generation of large-scale dopamine biosensors with a novel geometry.

Ultrasensitive Stress Biomarker Detection Using Polypyrrole Nanotube Coupled to a Field-Effect Transistor

“…The negatively increasing Vg led to an increasing Ids current, because a negative charge applied to the surface of an IgG/PPy NT changes the state of the intrinsic oxidation level in the PPy chains [34]. This result showed that the liquid-ion gated FET system has a clearly defined p-type transistor characteristic, with holes as the primary charge carrier [21]. In addition, the Ids-Vg characteristic depending on pH variation was observed in the range of pH 4.8, 7.4, and 8.8, and the charge density was changed by PPy NT surface charge variation ( Figure S4).…”

“…The anti-cortisol IgG/PPy NT FET-type sensor was placed on the stage of a probe station (Model 4000, MS-Tech, Seoul, Korea), which was connected to the source meter [21]. Current-voltage (I-V) curves were measured by voltage scan (rate: 0.1 mV/s).…”

Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Dopamine

“…To enhance DA sensing performance, several sensor surface modification approaches were undertaken. Also, novel sensors utilizing nanoparticles [54], field-effect transistor (FET) [55], and conducting polymers [55,56] have been developed, but they are still unstable in the long term. Additionally, the surface functionalization of the sensor is complicated.…”

Fabrication of Shape‐Controlled Palladium Nanoparticle‐Decorated Electrospun Polypyrrole/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Hydrogen Peroxide Coalescing Detection

“…The 1D structure facilitates high charge‐carrier mobility along its long axis and allows facile functionalization . Therefore, 1D PPy was deemed suitable as a transducer substrate in an H 2 O 2 biosensor …”