Hubungan Keaktifan Kader dan Partisipasi Ibu pada Kegiatan Posyandu dengan Cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Waru Sidoarjo

Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding program is important because breastfeeding is an important stage for baby's growth. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage is still low. The role of posyandu cadres is important to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding by giving education to posyandu participants about exclusive breastfeeding.Objective: To study the relationship between cadre activeness and mother’s participation with the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding at the posyandu located in the work area of Waru Public Health Center, Sidoarjo.Methods: Analytic research with cross sectional design was carried out in July-September 2018. The sample size of 51 posyandu was randomly selected using the stratified random sampling method. The research variables were exclusive breastfeeding coverage, the implementation of posyandu activities, the level of activity of cadres and the participation of mother of children under five were obtained from secondary data posyandu. The location was in the Waru region. To strengthen the results, FGD (Focus Group Discussion) was conducted with mothers of children under five in 5 randomly selected posyandu. Analysis used the Spearmen test.Results:Out of 51 posyandu there was no exclusive breastfeeding coverage that meets the target of 80%. The target D / S coverage was 87%, 44 posyandu (86.27%) did not meet the target while 7 posyandu (13.73%) had met the target. All cadres belong to the category of active cadres. Posyandu activities that run routinely were 83.31% while 15.69% were not routine. No relationship was found between mother’s participation in infants (p = 0.077) and cadre activeness (p = 0.691) with exclusive breastfeeding coverage at posyandu activities. There was a relationship between Posyandu activities and exclusive breastfeeding coverage (p = 0.004). From the FGD, the results that affect the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding were knowledge, formula feeding and working mothers.Conclusion: Mother’s participation and activeness of posyandu cadres are not related to exclusive breastfeeding coverage, but posyandu activities are connected with exclusive breastfeeding coverage. From the FGD results, it is found that the factors that influenced the exclusive breastfeeding coverage are knowledge, formula feeding and working mothers. It needs to increase the implementation of posyandu activities and socialization for posyandu participants.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Program ASI eksklusif penting dikarenakan pemberian ASI merupakan tahap penting bagi tumbuh kembang bayi, akan tetapi cakupan ASI eksklusif masih rendah. Peran kader posyandu penting untuk meningkatkan cakupan ASI eksklusif dengan memberikan edukasi kepada peserta posyandu mengenai ASI eksklusif.Tujuan: Mempelajari hubungan antara keaktifan kader dan partisipasi ibu dengan cakupan ASI eksklusif pada posyandu yang berada pada wilayah kerja puskesmas Waru Sidoarjo.Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-September 2018. Besar sampel 51 posyandu dipilih secara acak dengan metode stratified random sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah cakupan ASI eksklusif, pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu, tingkat keaktifan kader dan partisipasi ibu balita diperoleh dari data sekunder posyandu yang berada di wilayah Waru. Untuk memperkuat hasil dilakukan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) dengan ibu balita di 5 posyandu yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis menggunakan Spearmen test.Hasil: Dari 51 posyandu tidak ada cakupan ASI eksklusif yang memenuhi target sebesar 80%. Target cakupan D/S adalah 87%, sebesar 44 posyandu (86,27%) tidak memenuhi target sedangkan 7 posyandu (13,73%) telah memenuhi target. Semua kader termasuk kategori kader aktif. Kegiatan posyandu yang berjalan secara rutin sebesar 83,31% sedangkan sebesar 15,69% tidak rutin. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara partisipasi ibu balita (p=0,077) dan keaktifan kader (p=0,691) dengan cakupan ASI eksklusif pada kegiatan posyandu. Ada hubungan kegiatan posyandu dengan cakupan ASI eksklusif (p= 0,004). Dari FGD didapatkan hasil yang mempengaruhi cakupan ASI eksklusif adalah pengetahuan, pemberian susu formula dan ibu yang bekerja.Kesimpulan: Partisipasi ibu dan keaktifan kader posyandu tidak berhubungan dengan cakupan ASI eksklusif, namun kegiatan posyandu berhubungan dengan cakupan ASI eksklusif. Hasil FGD didapatkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi cakupan ASI eksklusif adalah pengetahuan, pemberian susu formula dan ibu yang bekerja. Perlu ditingkatkan pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu dan sosialisasi pada peserta posyandu.