HPTLC Phytochemical Screening and Hydrophilic Antioxidant Activities of <i>Apium graveolens</i> L., <i>Cleome gynandra</i> L., and <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. Used for Diabetes Management

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a socially significant disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids due to reduced function of insulin. Medicinal plants, rich in bioactive components that promote prevention and treatment, are inexpensive and no side effects. Apium graveolens, Cleome gynandra, and Hibiscus sabdariffa from Burkina Faso were investigated for their phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography profile revealed flavonoids, tannins, and sterols in these herbaceous. The Hibiscus sabdariffa methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (138.4 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (52.8 ± 0.6 mg RuE/g DW) contents comparatively to Cleome gynandra and Apium graveolens. Hibiscus sabdariffa methanolic extract also presented the highest antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 0.31 ± 0.002 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assay. A high correlation between flavonoid contents and hydrophilic antioxidant activities (r = 0.99) was observed, indicating that flavonoids contribute significatively to these herbaceous antioxidant properties.Apium graveolens, Cleome gynandra, and Hibiscus sabdariffa constitute a natural source of phenolic compounds that could be exploited in diabetes mellitus management.

Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment—Does It Work? An Evidence-Based Review

“…However, most studies are conducted on the active compounds of the red variety. Numerous publications indicate that roselle calyces and other parts of the plant are rich in polyphenols (anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins), polysaccharides, pectins, non-phenolic organic acids, and carotenoids [4,7,[18][19][20][21]. The most important organic acids in roselle are hibiscus acid, hydroxycitric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, arachidic acid, and citric acid [2,7,18,22].…”

“…The most important organic acids in roselle are hibiscus acid, hydroxycitric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, arachidic acid, and citric acid [2,7,18,22]. Roselle owes its antioxidant effect to polyphenols [2,21]. The most important anthocyanins in roselle are delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside [2,7,18].…”

“…Anthocyanins 1 delphinidin-3-sambubioside cyanidin-3-sambubioside [2,7,18] Flavonoids 1 quercetin, hibiscetin (hibiscetin-3-glucoside), sabdaritrin, gossypitrin, and other gossypetin glycosides, luteolin [2,7,18,23] Phenolic acids 1 chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid [2,7,18,23] Tannins 1 no specific name indicated [18,21] Non-phenolic organic acids hibiscus acid, hydroxy citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, arachidic acid, citric acid [2,7,18,22] Triterpenoids α-amyrin, lupeol [24] Polysaccharides (Sugars) galactose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, xylose, pectins [7,23] Others calcium, magnesium, iron, trace elements, and vitamins [4,5] 1 Polyphenols.…”

Phytochemical Screening by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography, Antioxidant Activities and Acute Toxicity of Trunk Barks Extracts of <i>Lannea velutina</i> A. Rich

“…Phytochemical screening of L. velutina trunk bark extracts was carried out using the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method [18], with minor modifications. For this work, 200 mm × 100 mm silica gel 60 F 254 HPTLC plates were used (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

“…• Sterols and triterpenes: Liebermann Burchard reagent was produced by combining acetic anhydride (5 mL), concentrated sulphuric acid (5 mL), and cold 95 percent ethanol (50 mL) in the order specified [18]. The plates were sprayed with the reagent three minutes after being dried with a hair dryer.…”