HPLC Determination of Anticoagulant Rodenticide Residues in Animal Livers

Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in tawny owls (Strix aluco) from Great Britain

“…McDonald et al (2000) demonstrated that 84-89% of gamekeepers use rodenticides during the winter and spring (December-May inclusive) compared to 37-45% in summer and autumn (June-November inclusive). We therefore stratified the samples of owls that were analysed so as to eliminate any potential seasonal biases in exposure that might be associated with seasonal variation in use (Table 1) (HPLC) following extraction methods described by (Hunter, 1985) and subsequently modified by Jones, (1996). For each liver sample, approximately 1 g of tissue was weighed, ground to a homogenous paste with furnace-cleaned sand, and mixed with furnace-cleaned anhydrous sodium sulphate to form a free-flowing mixture.…”

Multi-residue analysis of eight anticoagulant rodenticides in animal plasma and liver using liquid chromatography combined with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…Most of the analytical methods for the determination of anticoagulant rodenticides are based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV or fluorescence detection [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Superwarfarins

“…Tissue methods include a solid phase cartridge extraction from liver, with recoveries ranging from 52% for difenacoum to 78% for warfarin. The limit of detection is 10 ppb for warfarin and difenacoum and 110 ppb for chlorophacinone (Addison, 1982;Jones, 1996;Fauconnet et al, 1997).…”

“…Cases of abortion and hemorrhage in sheep and goats after misuse of brodifacoum have been reported (Jones, 1996;Watt et al, 2005).…”