Superwarfarins

Murphy, Michael J.; Lugo, Andres M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800159-2.00018-x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…BDF exposure were conducted according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines with some modifications (Murphy & Lugo, 2015). Healthy AB wild-type strain zebrafish embryos were transferred into a six-well plate with 30 embryos per well.…”

Section: Exposure To Bdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages

Jiang

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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Objectives The present study mainly focused on the assessment of developmental toxicity induced by exposure to brodifacoum (BDF) in zebrafish at early life stages. Material and Methods Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/L of BDF from 6 to 96 hr post‐fertilization (hpf), and the toxic effects of BDF on early embryonic development were investigated in terms of morphological changes, oxidative stress, and alterations in heart development‐related genes. Results The experimental results showed that BDF significantly decreased the heart rate, survival rate, body length, and spontaneous movements of zebrafish embryos at 0.8 mg/L, and the morphological developmental abnormalities were also observed at 96 hpf. In addition, exposure to BDF significantly increased oxidative stress levels in zebrafish embryos by increasing the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, BDF treatment‐induced alterations in the expression levels of the heart development‐related genes (gata4, sox9b, tbx2b, and nppa). Conclusion Results from this study indicated that exposure to BDF could lead to marked growth inhibition and significantly alter the activities of antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, BDF exposure exhibited severe cardiotoxicity and significantly disrupted heart development‐related genes. The results indicated that BDF could induce developmental and cardiac toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

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Section: Exposure To Bdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages

Jiang

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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“…Warfarin-resistant rodents may have no reaction towards chlorophacinone. 12 Phenindione is now rarely prescribed for its higher probability of severe side effects. It has been associated with liver injuries, such as hypersensitivity and jaundice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Design of Two New Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Inhibitors

Cao

Adhikari

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) inhibitors are commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. However, due to the side effects and poor absorbance of existing drugs, there is urgent need for developing better VKOR inhibitor drugs. In this work, computational bioisosteric replacement and chemical intuition were used to design two novel VKOR inhibitors. The new candidates are predicted to have improved ADMET and binding properties compared to existing drugs.

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“…Second‐generation rodenticides such as brodifacoum and bromadiolone are substantially more toxic, because of a higher binding affinity to anti‐coagulant enzymes, achieving the desired outcomes in a single dose at a lower concentration . Of the available compounds, brodifacoum is the most commonly used commercial product because of its high mortality rate in rodents and lack of known resistance in pests while diphacinone is the most common household compound. In addition to their use as rodenticides, these chemicals have the potential to be used as chemical warfare agents in a terrorist type attack .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Brodifacoum and other Rodenticides in Drug Mixtures using Thermal Desorption Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (TD‐DART‐MS)

Robinson

Sisco

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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In recent months, there has been increased reporting of seized drug and toxicology cases containing rodenticides, the active ingredient in rat poisons. Seeing as rodenticides are not scheduled substances, they are not commonly screened for in seized drug analysis. This work investigates the use of TD‐DART‐MS for the simultaneous detection of rodenticides and drugs. Six rodenticides were evaluated, an optimal method was established, and limits of detection in the tens of nanograms were calculated. Additional studies highlight that detection at less than 1% by weight in mixtures with AB‐FUBINACA, cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine was possible. This work presents an optimized method for detection of these compounds, allowing for the simultaneous detection of drugs and rodenticides, providing drug chemists with a tool for rapid identification of these compounds for forensic or public health purposes.

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Superwarfarins

Cited by 3 publications

References 138 publications

Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages

Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages

Computational Design of Two New Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Inhibitors

Detection of Brodifacoum and other Rodenticides in Drug Mixtures using Thermal Desorption Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (TD‐DART‐MS)

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