How should children with speech sound disorders be classified? A review and critical evaluation of current classification systems

Waring, Rebecca; Knight, Rachael‐Anne

doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00195.x

Cited by 102 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…They are a heterogeneous group with differential diagnoses such as (consistent/inconsistent) phonological delay/disorder, developmental verbal dyspraxia (childhood apraxia of speech), and articulation delay/disorder (see Waring & Knight, 2013 for a review of the classification of SSDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders

Cleland

Scobbie

Wrench

2015

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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Growing evidence suggests that speech intervention using visual biofeedback may benefit people for whom visual skills are stronger than auditory skills (for example, the hearing-impaired population), especially when the target articulation is hard to describe or see. Diagnostic ultrasound can be used to image the tongue and has recently become more compact and affordable leading to renewed interest in it as a practical, non-invasive visual biofeedback tool. In this study, we evaluate its effectiveness in treating children with persistent speech sound disorders that have been unresponsive to traditional therapy approaches. A case series of seven different children (aged 6-11) with persistent speech sound disorders were evaluated. For each child, high-speed ultrasound (121 fps), audio and lip video recordings were made while probing each child's specific errors at five different time points (before, during and after intervention). After intervention, all the children made significant progress on targeted segments, evidenced by both perceptual measures and changes in tongue-shape.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders

Cleland

Scobbie

Wrench

2015

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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“…Speech Disorders (SDs) is also an umbrella term, encompassing numerous subtypes of developmental speech disorder. Several classification methods have been proposed for SDs [12••, 13]. Here we consider studies that focus on subtypes of articulation disorder (phonetic based or motor execution errors), phonological disorder (phonemic based or cognitive-linguistic errors), and childhood apraxia of speech (CAS, motor planning and programming errors), as well as those that use the less explicit diagnostic terms of speech errors and speech delay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Developmental Speech and Language Disorders: Evidence from Neuroimaging

Liégeois¹,

Mayes

Morgan

2014

Curr Dev Disord Rep

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Disorders of speech and language arise out of a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and neural factors. Little is understood about the neural bases of these disorders. Here we systematically reviewed neuroimaging findings in Speech disorders (SD) and Language disorders (LD) over the last five years (2008–2013; 10 articles). In participants with SD, structural and functional anomalies in the left supramarginal gyrus suggest a possible deficit in sensory feedback or integration. In LD, cortical and subcortical anomalies were reported in a widespread language network, with little consistency across studies except in the superior temporal gyri. In summary, both functional and structural anomalies are associated with LD and SD, including greater activity and volumes relative to controls. The variability in neuroimaging approach and heterogeneity within and across participant samples restricts our full understanding of the neurobiology of these conditions— reducing the potential for devising novel interventions targeted at the underlying pathology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40474-014-0019-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It is beyond the scope of the present article to review the many classification issues and alternative proposals to the MCS for the pediatric dysarthrias (e.g., Hodge, 2013;Morgan & Liégeois, 2010;van Mourik, CatsmanBerrevoets, Paquier, Yousef-Bak, & van Dongen, 1997;Waring & Knight, 2013;Weismer, 2006Weismer, , 2007Weismer & Kim, 2010).…”

Section: Sdcs Level IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: I. Development and Description of the Pause Marker

Shriberg

Strand

Fourakis

et al. 2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose The goal of this article (PM I) is to describe the rationale for and development of the Pause Marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay. Method The authors describe and prioritize 7 criteria with which to evaluate the research and clinical utility of a diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech, including evaluation of the present proposal. An overview is given of the Speech Disorders Classification System, including extensions completed in the same approximately 3-year period in which the PM was developed. Results The finalized Speech Disorders Classification System includes a nosology and cross-classification procedures for childhood and persistent speech disorders and motor speech disorders (Shriberg, Strand, & Mabie, 2017). A PM is developed that provides procedural and scoring information, and citations to papers and technical reports that include audio exemplars of the PM and reference data used to standardize PM scores are provided. Conclusions The PM described here is an acoustic-aided perceptual sign that quantifies one aspect of speech precision in the linguistic domain of phrasing. This diagnostic marker can be used to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.

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How should children with speech sound disorders be classified? A review and critical evaluation of current classification systems

Cited by 102 publications

References 47 publications

Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders

Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders

Neural Correlates of Developmental Speech and Language Disorders: Evidence from Neuroimaging

A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: I. Development and Description of the Pause Marker

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