How Influential Are Mental Models on Interaction Performance? Exploring the Gap between Users’ and Designers’ Mental Models through a New Quantitative Method

Xie, Bingjun; Zhou, Jia; Wang, Huilin

doi:10.1155/2017/3683546

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The research on mental models can be divided into two main branches: the first is centered on internal mental processes and cognitive phenomena. The second is applied mental models to support better interaction between people and the external world [85]. In particular, there have been many studies of mental models in human-computer interaction (HCI).…”

Section: Mental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodologies used to derive a mental model of a user in the field of HCI can be divided into four categories: verbalization, rating, sketches, and card sorting [85]. Verbalization is mainly done through interview techniques such as think aloud and laddering [79], and laddering techniques are frequently used to explore the relationship between answers [92].…”

Section: Mental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not easy to derive and quantify these mental models, as they are constructed based on life experiences and accumulated knowledge [86], which exists only in the head of an individual and cannot be directly observed. Therefore, deriving mental models requires indirect reasoning based on observing and analyzing people [85]. Suppose designers understand and develop the user's mental model from a user perspective based on various approaches.…”

Section: Mental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Users’ Mental Models for Anthropomorphized Voice Assistants through Psychological Approaches

Park

Namkung

2021

Applied Sciences

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Various perspectives are being studied to increase the usability and persistence of voice assistants (VA) as the use is rapidly expanding to various domains. Particularly, many studies note that users personify VA. Systems designed to suit users differing mental models while using specific systems can provide a positive user experience, increasing usability and persistence. Therefore, we tried to structure the mental model of users using personified VA and proposed these results as an important factor to consider in personifying VA. To determine important factors to consider in personifying VA, this research structures the mental model of users using personified VA. Furthermore, we used two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies to analyze users’ mental models. Using two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies, this research analyzed users’ mental models. In Study 1, each user’s thinking process is derived through ZMET (Zaltman metaphor elicitation techniques) as a consensus map. Afterward, in Study 2, correlations between the key components analyzed in Study 1 are validated through RG (repertory grid technique). As a result, the research found that there are three different psychological structures. The first structure is of users who feel human-like empathy and warmth in the use of VA. Meanwhile, the second structure is of users who seek help with problem-solving. The last is the psychological structure of users who regarded anthropomorphic VA as just a machine. Users with this mental model expect the potential for development as a machine rather than the personification of VA. Ultimately, this research is meaningful in that it analyzes each user’s psychological mechanism for personified VA through a psychological approach and derives three new mental models in detail.

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Section: Mental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Users’ Mental Models for Anthropomorphized Voice Assistants through Psychological Approaches

Park

Namkung

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…A mental model is a deeply individual understanding of how something works and what can be done with it. The result of experiences, accumulated knowledge, beliefs, values and attitudes, mental models evolve over time [7]. The usability of an interactive systems results when the designers' mental model matches the mental model of the user [1].…”

Section: Figure 1 Key Concept Associations With Usability As Generatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instructors and Students on the Same Page: Usability of Instructor Loaded Resources in LMS Sites

Torrisi‐Steele¹,

Atkinson²

2020

EDULEARN Proceedings

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Usability or 'ease of use' is a significant determinant of the user's experience of an interactive system. The vast majority of university students worldwide use learning management systems (LMS) to access and interact with the course materials which instructors have loaded into the LMS. Students' experience of their courses colors their experience of program and even of the institution. Providing a positive student experience is important to learning outcomes and to institutional competitiveness. Usability of learning resources also influences student motivation, engagement and learning. Ensuring usability of an LMS course built by instructors is important. However, a review of literature shows that the usability of instructor loaded resources in LMS is under-explored. The authors undertake a preliminary investigation of the usability of LMS instructor loaded resources. Adopting Jakob Nielsen's ideas of mental models in usability, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with five teaching academics and four students. The results show some mismatches between student and instructor mental models, reveal some students' expectations of course sites, justify the need for participatory approaches to LMS course design, and provide impetus for further studies.

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“…Second, the rationale for doing the task should have been accounted for by the ECA more explicitly. As stressed by Klein et al (2006), explanation of events through the use of mental models increases task performance when users interact with computers (see e.g., Ziefle and Bay, 2004;Xie et al, 2017). For a future experiment, we therefore foresee a more elaborate introduction such as; "I would like to bond with you.…”

Section: The Experimental Task Of Speaking Aloud Needs Finetuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of embodied conversational agents to stimulate adherence to ehealth interventions : steps towards a more dynamical approach

Scholten

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Proper design of ECA's appears to be and remain challenging All the beforementioned developments (CASA effect, persuasive technology, affective computing, ECA's) gave rise to the idea that, within virtual environments, computers can take on roles that are normally taken by humans such as virtual support providers for patients in eHealth environments and as virtual tutors for students within electronic learning environments. So, back in 2001, it looked like it would be a matter of time for ECA's to become successful. However, reality turned out differently. To date, ECA's are not fulfilling their roles at a scale as one would expect. Compared to chatbots, disembodied dialogue-based artefacts that have close resemblances with ECA's, ECA's are not as often guiding visitors of medical or business websites. So, what happened? Various studies have evaluated ECA research thereby including ECA studies as far back as 20 years. The meta study of Schroeder and Gotch (2015) on persisting issues in pedagogical agent research underscores that the effectiveness of including agent in a learning environment remains debatable. As part of their recommendations the authors advise treatment and control conditions that should not differ on more than a single dimension in order to precisely find out what ECA element contributes to what kind of outcome Furthermore, they promote the development and usage of low-cost ECA's as to stimulate adoption of ECA's as adjuncts in eLearning environments. Veletsianos and Russell (2014) equally state that ECA's in pedagogical contexts have not yet lived up to their promise. As an important cause they refer to the lack of both qualitative and interpretive studies, that prohibit gaining a deeper understanding of the ECA study field. Furthermore, the authors postulate that a multiplicity of variables, such as agent role, voice, and voice quality, interact in complex ways, making generalizations difficult. In addition, they recommend the deployment of agents in naturalistic contexts and open-ended environments. Finally, Veletsianos and Russell (2014) advocate the investigation of ECA's in long-term interventions, echoing the earlier statement of the seminal study of . In a similar vein, Weiss, evaluate ECA research. The authors take an interesting, contrary stance by stating that a speech dialogue with a computer is still far from self-evident. Direct manipulation, meaning clicking on buttons and icons has advantages compared to a speech dialogue, such as clear and predictable results. Within their ECA review, Johnson and Bickmore, T. W., & Picard, R. W. (2005). Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 12(2), 293-327.

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How Influential Are Mental Models on Interaction Performance? Exploring the Gap between Users’ and Designers’ Mental Models through a New Quantitative Method

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Exploring Users’ Mental Models for Anthropomorphized Voice Assistants through Psychological Approaches

Exploring Users’ Mental Models for Anthropomorphized Voice Assistants through Psychological Approaches

Instructors and Students on the Same Page: Usability of Instructor Loaded Resources in LMS Sites

The potential of embodied conversational agents to stimulate adherence to ehealth interventions : steps towards a more dynamical approach

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