Various perspectives are being studied to increase the usability and persistence of voice assistants (VA) as the use is rapidly expanding to various domains. Particularly, many studies note that users personify VA. Systems designed to suit users differing mental models while using specific systems can provide a positive user experience, increasing usability and persistence. Therefore, we tried to structure the mental model of users using personified VA and proposed these results as an important factor to consider in personifying VA. To determine important factors to consider in personifying VA, this research structures the mental model of users using personified VA. Furthermore, we used two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies to analyze users’ mental models. Using two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies, this research analyzed users’ mental models. In Study 1, each user’s thinking process is derived through ZMET (Zaltman metaphor elicitation techniques) as a consensus map. Afterward, in Study 2, correlations between the key components analyzed in Study 1 are validated through RG (repertory grid technique). As a result, the research found that there are three different psychological structures. The first structure is of users who feel human-like empathy and warmth in the use of VA. Meanwhile, the second structure is of users who seek help with problem-solving. The last is the psychological structure of users who regarded anthropomorphic VA as just a machine. Users with this mental model expect the potential for development as a machine rather than the personification of VA. Ultimately, this research is meaningful in that it analyzes each user’s psychological mechanism for personified VA through a psychological approach and derives three new mental models in detail.
Interactive art is completed with the participation of the audience. Therefore, the artist should consider various design elements to induce audience participation, and these should be designed with an intuitive interface for easy use with simple manipulation. Soundscape is a combination of sound and scape, and it is one of the areas that has been continuously studied in the field of acoustic engineering. The soundscape, which utilizes white noise that can provide comfort, stability and immersion by generating alpha waves among human brain waves, has recently been used in the design of various products and services. This
Among the phases of self-driving, the transition of control over driving from vehicles to drivers occurs in the conditional self-driving phase. Therefore, designing appropriate user interfaces to perform safe control transitions is crucial. However, most previous studies have focused on evaluating the performance and safety of self-driving systems. In the conditional self-driving phase, no regulations that can force drivers to control their eyes currently exist, meaning the control transition, which relies solely on the visual-centric user interfaces used in traditional driving environments, is not safe. Therefore, in this study, we developed guidelines for an auditory user interface design to ensure safe control transition. We derived these guidelines by applying a user experience design methodology and defining important principles in the appropriate combination of voice and sound feedback.
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