How financial literacy varies among U.S. adults: The 2022 TIAA Institute-GFLEC Personal Finance Index

Regional Comparative Analysis on the Determinants of the Spaniards’ Financial Knowledge

“…Be that as it may, these findings are important because, in addition to completing an issue little explored in the Spanish context (Mancebón-Torrubia and Ximénez-de-Embún, 2020;and Oliver-Márquez et al, 2021a), it does so from a comparative regional perspective (unpublished to date in that context). Moreover, it contributes to the international literature (e.g., Gerrans et al, 2009;Boisclair et al, 2017;Nam et al, 2018;Yakoboski et al, 2019).…”

“…Nonetheless, there are other factors that, although to a lesser extent, have also been previously analyzed as determinants of financial knowledge. Thus, some papers point to a negative relationship between being a foreigner in a country (or simply a racial or ethnic minority) and being financially literate (e.g., Gerrans et al, 2009;Boisclair et al, 2017;Nam et al, 2018;Yakoboski et al, 2019), although some authors find evidence to the contrary (Mancebón-Torrubia & Ximénez-de-Embún, 2020;Oliver-Márquez et al, 2021a). Other papers analyze people's self-confidence as a predictor of their financial knowledge (Arellano et al, 2018;Bannier & Sinzing, 2018;Andreou & Anyfantaki, 2020;Fonseca & Lord, 2020;Oliver-Márquez et al, 2021a).…”

Hierarchies and paradoxes: How women in non-tenure-track faculty positions experience a gendered organization.

“…As non-tenure or adjunct positions grow in number and popularity on U.S. college and university campuses, women find themselves more likely to fill these roles; specifically, women are 45% more likely to be in adjunct positions than their men counterparts (Wolfinger et al, 2009). Women’s presence has grown exponentially in non-tenure-track positions over the past 30 years (Finkelstein et al, 2016) with 52% of adjunct positions being filled by women (Yakoboski, 2018) compared to only 42.5% of full-time tenure-line faculty positions (American Association of University Professors, 2020). Consequently, non-tenure-track faculty constitute the new faculty majority (Kezar, 2012) with women making up the majority of those off the tenure track.…”

Financial vulnerability and financial literacy in Paraguay: the need of a transversal approach of public policy

“…Brune and Karlan (2020) show that the ability and ease with which an individual can access liquidity, is the result of a series of the individual's previous financial behaviors and financial access. The study of Yakoboski et al, (2020) show that greater financial literacy is related with greater financial health among underrepresented minority women in U.S. Moreover, Cárdenas et al, (2020) find that having or using formal products to save, financial literacy, previous experience with the formal financial sector, comparison shopping between financial institutions, and agency in the financial decisions of the household primarily drive financial health in a group of Latin American countries. Of note is that the direction of causality between financial vulnerability and financial inclusion is still a pending analysis since the studies in this literature only explored the potential correlations among them.…”