This article uses data from the 2020 TIAA Institute-GFLEC Personal Finance (P-Fin) Index to show that many American families were financially fragile well before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the U.S. economy. Financial fragility is particularly severe among specific demographic groups, such as African-Americans and those with low income. The article also shows that financial fragility is strongly linked to financial literacy and that many Americans are ill-equipped to deal with the financial decisions needed to navigate through a financial crisis. Suggestions are provided to deal with personal finance decisions in times of emergency.
survey. Path analysis higher perceived collegiality was positively associated with level of commitment and research performance and negatively associated with job-related stress. A negative association was found between job-related stress and research performance, but the associations between commitment and research performance, teaching, and community service were positive. (92 ref)-
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