How Executive Functions Are Evaluated in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy? A Systematic Review

Pereira, Ana; Lopes, Sílvia; Magalhães, Paula; Sampaio, Adriana; Chaleta, Elisa; Rosário, Pedro

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00021

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In summary, a notable conclusion from this review is the fact that there is just not enough validity and reliability data to support the use of measures of EF among adolescents across different national and cultural contexts. Similar observations are also noted from a recent review (Pereira et al, 2018). Of concern here, therefore, is the transference and use of these measures of EF in different cultural contexts without adequate adaptation and standardization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Despite the existence of a wide array of neuropsychological measures of EF for use with adolescents, little is known about the most preferred (frequently used) measures for this sub-population. Where literature review has been reported, this has been limited to a specific adolescent sub-population such as those living with cerebral palsy (see Pereira et al, 2018). Furthermore, synthesized and summarized information about the psychometric robustness of existing EF measures for use with adolescents i.e., their reliability and ecological validity remains unknown yet this is known among the child (Henry and Bettenay, 2010) and adult population (Pickens et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Executive Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Existing Measures and Their Psychometric Robustness

et al. 2019

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Background: There is much research examining adolescents' executive function (EF) but there is little information about tools that measure EF, in particular preference of use, their reliability and validity. This information is important as to help both researchers and practitioners select the most relevant and reliable measure of EF to use with adolescents in their context. Aims: We conducted a scoping review to: (a) identify the measures of EF that have been used in studies conducted among adolescents in the past 15 years; (b) identify the most frequently used measures of EF; and (c) establish the psychometric robustness of existing EF measures used with adolescents. Methods: We searched three bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science) using key terms “ Adolescents ,” “ Executive Functions ,” and “ measures” . The search covered research articles published between 1st January 2002 and 31st July 2017. Results: We identified a total of 338 individual measures of EF from 705 eligible studies. The vast majority of these studies (95%) were conducted in high income countries. Of the identified measures, 10 were the most used frequently, with a cumulative percent frequency accounting for nearly half (44%) the frequency of usage of all reported measures of EF. These are: Digit Span (count = 160), Trail Making Test (count = 158), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (count = 148), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (count = 140), Verbal Fluency Tasks (count = 88), Stroop Color-Word Test (count = 78), Classical Stroop Task (count = 63), Color-Word Interference Test from Delis-Kaplan battery (count = 62), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (count = 62), and Original Continuous Performance Test (count = 58). In terms of paradigms, tasks from Span (count = 235), Stroop (count = 216), Trails (count = 171), Card sorting (count = 166), Continuous performance (count = 99), and Tower (count = 94) paradigms were frequently used. Only 48 studies out of the included 705 reported the reliability and/or validity of measures of EF used with adolescents, but limited to studies in high income countries. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a wide array of measures for assessing EF among adolescents. Ten of these measures are frequently used. However, the evidence of psychometric robustness of measures of EF used with adolescents remains limited to support the validity of their usage across different contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Executive Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Existing Measures and Their Psychometric Robustness

et al. 2019

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“…55 Trust plays a key role in the doctor-patient relationship, and the patient’s trust in the doctor is the most important factor in the doctor-patient relationship. 9 For public hospitals, it is very important to establish “trust” between patients, hospitals and medical staff including doctors. Doctors need to honestly provide the best service to win the trust of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Patient trust is defined as the patient’s belief that the doctors have the necessary skills for diagnosis and treatment, can give priority to the interests of patients, so that patients accept the medical services with confidence. 9 Using the survey questionnaire and Economic Experiment of Incentive Behavior to measure PT in healthcare providers, the study found that the continuity of care, the provider’s communication ability and clinical capabilities were positively correlated with PT. A cross-sectional study found that satisfaction positively predicted patients’ trust in doctors through direct or indirect means path.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trust plays a key role in the doctor-patient relationship, and the patient’s trust in the doctor is the most important factor in the doctor-patient relationship. 9 Trust eliminates the psychological risks of customers, and then leads to customer loyalty. After trust is generated, there is no need to build a high-cost control mechanism, and it also increases long-term relationship benefits.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Loyalty with the Mediating Effect of Patient Trust

Liu

et al. 2021

INQUIRY

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This research is primarily focused on the issues of customer loyalty in the healthcare industry, particularly from the perspective of public hospitals in China. The research developed a theoretical model to test the relationship between patient satisfaction (PS), patient trust (PT), and patient loyalty (PL). The empirical data were collected from 1696 patients through the survey questionnaires from the public hospitals in Henan province. This research is an explanatory study, and adopts quantitative method. The measurement scales used in the survey were assessed and refined and the data analysis was performed using AMOS 19.0 to test the theoretical model and hypotheses developed. In addition, an exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the dimensions of PS, PT, and PL. Their reliability and validity were established through confirmatory factor analysis, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the related hypotheses. The findings indicate that PT is an important antecedent of PL, and PS has no direct relationship with PL. It is worth noting that PS can lead to PL with PT as the mediating variable. The survey results will help public hospital managers to formulate effective strategies and provide a basis for studying PL. The research will prompt hospital managers to pay attention to the factors which contribute to PS, PT, and PL, and maintain the loyalty of patients to medical institutions. This study is one of the few studies on the relationship between PS, PT, and PL in Chinese public hospitals, and it also explores the direct and indirect effects of PT on PL. The results have practical implications for the Chinese healthcare industry.

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Cerebral palsy and executive functions: Inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility skills

Tayyare

GERÇEK>

Dursun

et al. 2023

Psychology in the Schools

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Executive functions (EFs) are an umbrella term that includes various cognitive abilities (such as inhibition, planning, goal‐setting, monitoring, and shifting). There is common agreement that there are three main EFs: inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Further studies have reported that compared to typically developing peers, children with cerebral palsy (CP) show deficits in EF skills. This study aims to evaluate children with CP's inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility skills. Forty children with CP between the ages of 7–13 were included in the present study. EF scores of the CP group were compared with scores of typically developing peers matched one‐to‐one by age and sex. The EF skills were evaluated with Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), Stroop color–word test (SCWT) TBAG Form, and executive function behavior rating scale parent form (BRIEF‐P). It was determined that there was a significant difference in the WCST total trials, total errors, categories completed, and percent conceptual level responses scores (p < .05); SCWT‐TBAG scores (p < .05), and BRIEF‐P all scores (p ≤ .01) of children with CP. The results of this study suggest that children with CP are disadvantaged with EF skills in terms of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility.

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How Executive Functions Are Evaluated in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy? A Systematic Review

Cited by 25 publications

References 73 publications

Assessing Executive Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Existing Measures and Their Psychometric Robustness

Assessing Executive Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Existing Measures and Their Psychometric Robustness

The Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Loyalty with the Mediating Effect of Patient Trust

Cerebral palsy and executive functions: Inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility skills

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