“…Each measurement construct in the model, developed previously and validated to ensure validity and reliability, is adopted from prior research with some minor wording changes to accommodate the study's context of mobile devices. All measurement items have been adopted from previous research, for example, ten items of self-efficacy (Compeau and Higgins, 1995), seven items of job relevance (Hartwick and Barki, 1994), three items of facilitating conditions (Thompson et al, 1991), six items of perceived job performance (Compeau and Higgins, 1995), five items of job satisfaction (Childers et al, 1980) and five items of employee retention (Frey et al, 2013). Before conducting the online survey with the hotel employees, a pilot test with students majoring in hospitality and tourism management at a northeastern university in the U.S. and expert reviews with three hospitality researchers and two industry practitioners were conducted, after which the measurement items were revised.…”