How calcite and modified hydroxyapatite influence physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of alpha-TCP based bone cements

Abstract

Nowadays successful regeneration of damaged bone tissue is a major problem of the reconstructive medicine and tissue engineering. Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) as the effective bone fillers. Despite a number of studies regarding CPCs, only a few compare the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP based materials of various phase compositions. In our study we compared the effect of several components (calcite, hydroxyapatite doped with Mg2+, CO3 2− or Ag+ ions, alginate, chitosan and methylcellulose) on the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP-based bone cements. The influence of materials composition on their setting times, microstructure and biochemical stability in simulated body fluid was determined. A number of in vitro laboratory methods, including ICP-OES, metabolic activity test, time-lapse microscopic observation and SEM observations were performed in order to assess biocompatibility of the studied biomaterials. The positive outcome of XTT tests for ceramic extracts demonstrated that all investigated cement-type composites may be considered cytocompatible according to ISO 10993-5 standard. Results of our research indicate that multiphase cements containing MgCHA, AgHA and calcite combined with αTCP enhanced cell viability in comparison to material based only on αTCP. Furthermore materials containing chitosan and methylcellulose possessed higher cytocompatibility than those with alginate.Graphical abstract

In vivo behavior of biomicroconcretes based on α‐tricalcium phosphate and hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules and sodium alginate

“…Previous studies on similar materials have found them to be noncytotoxic and acceptable for in vivo implantation (Olkowski et al, 2015;Zima et al, 2017). In vivo experiment was approved by the in vivo studies.…”

“…Previous experiments have shown that α‐TCP‐based bone cements not only possess mechanical properties appropriate for low‐load bearing applications but also stimulate bone cell growth in vitro. CaP bone cements containing chitosan (CTS) or sodium alginate (SA) were also found to be biocompatible and surgically handy (Olkowski et al, ; Zima et al, ). α‐TCP‐based bioceramics possess higher solubility and faster degradation rate in comparison to a growth rate of bone tissue.…”

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The current studies provide insights into how predictions based on results of physicochemical and in vitro tests are consistent with the results of in vivo studies. The new biomicroconcrete type materials were obtained by mixing the solid phase, composed of hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules and highly reactive α-tricalcium biocompatible and surgically handy (Olkowski et al, 2015;Zima et al, 2017). α-TCP-based bioceramics possess higher solubility and faster degradation rate in comparison to a growth rate of bone tissue.

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Journey into Bone Models: A Review

“…Nevertheless, the expression of OCT-specific markers increased in 3D culture compared to 2D culture [ 136 ]. In contrast to the studies already discussed, Zima et al [ 137 ] compared the effects of several components like calcite or HA doped with Mg 2+ , CO 3 2− or Ag + , alginate and chitosan on the properties of α-TCP to optimize setting times, biochemical stability, bioresorption and biocompatibility. Results showed that HA doped with Mg 2+ and CO 3 2− or a combination of silver, calcite and reactive α-TCP enhanced cell viability in comparison to pure α-TCP.…”

“…Results showed that HA doped with Mg 2+ and CO 3 2− or a combination of silver, calcite and reactive α-TCP enhanced cell viability in comparison to pure α-TCP. The advantage of combining components with high reactive α-TCP is promising tool the field of bone engineering [ 137 ].…”