Hot Deformation Characteristics and 3-D Processing Map of a High-Titanium Nb-Micro-alloyed Steel

Qian, Pingping; Tang, Zhenghua; Wang, Li; Siyasiya, Charles Witness

doi:10.3390/ma13071501

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The thermomechanical conditions linked with the higher efficiency of power dissipation and in the same time with the absence of metallurgical instability are then usually considered as advantageous. In the case of a specific material, the results are usually presented as the series of processing maps assembled at various strains or as a volumetric chart, which allows these maps to be unified into one coherent unit [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the end of the 2nd millennium, hot processing maps, introduced on the basis of the dynamic material model (DMM), have been being broadly used in the sense of the optimization of hot forming processes (forging, rolling, etc.) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. It is well known that the processing map displays the distribution of power dissipation efficiency and metallurgical instability in the strain rate–temperature coordinates under the specific value of strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above approach has been employed to study the hot working behavior of various materials which were prepared and formed by different methods and subsequently used for different applications—for instance, steels: Fe-11Mn-10Al-0.9C duplex low-density steel susceptible to κ-carbides [ 3 ], as-extruded 42CrMo high-strength steel [ 4 ], 25Cr3Mo3NiNb steel [ 5 ], 10CrMo9-10 steel [ 6 ], 34CrNiMo medium carbon steel [ 7 ], medium carbon steel, microalloyed by B and Ti [ 8 ], medium-carbon bainitic steel [ 9 ], 43CrNi steel [ 10 ], high-carbon/low-carbon steel composite [ 11 ], 347H austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel [ 12 ], high-titanium Nb-micro-alloyed steel [ 2 ]; nickel alloys: Ni-based superalloy [ 13 ], P/M nickel-based superalloy [ 14 ], IN-718 superalloy [ 15 ], NiTiNb shape memory alloy [ 16 ]; aluminum alloys: as-extruded 7075 [ 17 ], 5052 alloy [ 1 ], B 4 C/6061Al nanocomposites fabricated by spark plasma sintering [ 18 ]; titanium alloys: Ti-15-3 [ 19 ], Ti-6242 [ 20 ], ATI425 [ 21 ], TC21 [ 22 ]; zirconium alloys: reactor-grade alpha-zirconium [ 23 ], Zr-2.5Nb [ 24 ]; and some other alloys: AZ31-1Ca-1.5 vol% nano-alumina composite [ 25 ], Cu–Cr–Zr–Nd alloy [ 26 ], Pb-Mg-10Al-0.5B alloy [ 27 ], Fe 3 Al intermetallic alloy [ 28 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation among the Power Dissipation Efficiency, Flow Stress Course, and Activation Energy Evolution in Cr-Mo Low-Alloyed Steel

et al. 2020

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In the presented research, conventional hot processing maps superimposed over the flow stress maps or activation energy maps are utilized to study a correlation among the efficiency of power dissipation, flow stress, and activation energy evolution in the case of Cr-Mo low-alloyed steel. All maps have been assembled on the basis of two flow curve datasets. The experimental one is the result of series of uniaxial hot compression tests. The predicted one has been calculated on the basis of the subsequent approximation procedure via a well-adapted artificial neural network. It was found that both flow stress and activation energy evolution are capable of expressing changes in the studied steel caused by the hot compression deformation. A direct association with the course of power dissipation efficiency is then evident in the case of both. The connection of the presence of instability districts to the activation energy evolution, flow stress course, and power dissipation efficiency was discussed further. Based on the obtained findings it can be stated that the activation energy processing maps represent another tool for the finding of appropriate forming conditions and can be utilized as a support feature for the conventionally-used processing maps to extend their informative ability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation among the Power Dissipation Efficiency, Flow Stress Course, and Activation Energy Evolution in Cr-Mo Low-Alloyed Steel

et al. 2020

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“…Buken et al [16] studied the recrystallization process of Nb-V-Ti microalloyed steel, and proposed a state parameter-based model to describe static recrystallization, dynamic and static recovery, and precipitation during high temperature processes. Qian et al [17] used a 3D atomic distribution map to characterize the relationship between power dissipation efficiency value and area. The processing map of the steel was drawn by placing the power dissipation map and the instability map together in the form of contour lines on the plane comprising strain rate and deformation temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hot Deformation and Precipitates on the Recrystallization of Nb-V-Ti Free-Cutting Steel

Yang

Zhao

Dong

et al. 2020

Metals

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Nb, V, and Ti were added to free-cutting steel to improve its mechanical properties by means of precipitation strengthening and fine grain strengthening. The process parameters during the hot deformation of Nb-V-Ti free-cutting steel were studied at strain rates of 0.01–10 s−1 and temperatures of 850–1250 °C. The isothermal compression test results showed that the temperature rise at low deformation temperature and high strain rate has a great influence on the softening of the steel. The processing maps at strains of 0.3–0.6 were established based on a dynamic material model (DMM). When the strain was 0.6, the optimum hot-working window was at a temperature in the range of 1150–1250 °C and at a strain rate in the range of 0.01–0.1 s−1. The instable regions were mainly located at low temperature and high strain rate. The instable characteristics included the mixed grains around the MnS phase, flow localization, and intense deformation. In general, the existence of MnS leads to a decrease in the toughness of the steel. The MnS phase was easy to be broken when the compression tested at a lower temperature, e.g., 850 °C and at a higher strain rate, e.g., 10 s−1; its morphology changed from a long-rod shape to a discontinuous shape, and then, to a dot-like shape with the decrease in temperature from 1250 to 850 °C and the increase in strain rate from 0.01 to 10 s−1. The nucleation mechanism of this steel was grain boundary bulging. The size of fine (Nb,Ti) (C,N) precipitates is less than 10 nm, inhibiting austenite recrystallization and leading to austenite strengthening during hot deformation at 850 °C. Moreover, the dislocation motion and grain boundary migration were greatly inhibited by the Ti-rich(C,N) and MnS throughout the entire hot deformation process.

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“…The formability of materials refers to the maximum deformation capacity that can be achieved without coarse grain, mixed crystal and microcracks in the process of plastic deformation [22]. It is an imperative index to characterise the volume forming ability of materials (for instance, extrusion, forging and rolling).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Workability of Ultra-Supercritical Rotor Steel Using a 3-D Processing Map Based on the Dynamic Material Model

Chen

Lian

et al. 2020

Materials

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As a new-type of ultra-supercritical HI-IP rotor steel, X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 alloy steel has excellent integrative performance, which can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the generator set. In this paper, uniaxial thermal compression tests were carried out over a temperature range of 950–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.05–5 s−1 with a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation testing machine. Moreover, based on hot compression experimental data and the theory of processing diagrams, in combination with the dynamic material model, a three-dimensional (3-D) thermal processing map considering the effect of strain was constructed. It was concluded that optimum thermal deformation conditions were as follows: the temperature range of 1150–1200 °C, the strain rate range of 0.05–0.634 s−1. Through secondary development of the finite element (FE) software FORGE®, three-dimensional thermal processing map data were integrated into finite element software FORGE®. The distributions of instability coefficient and power dissipation coefficient were obtained over various strain rates and temperatures of the Ø 8 × 12 mm cylinder specimen by using finite element simulation. It is shown that simulation results are consistent with the microstructure photos. The method proposed in this paper, which integrates the three-dimensional processing map into the finite element software FORGE® (Forge NxT 2.1, Transvalor, Nice, France), can effectively predict the formability of X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 alloy steel.

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Hot Deformation Characteristics and 3-D Processing Map of a High-Titanium Nb-Micro-alloyed Steel

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Correlation among the Power Dissipation Efficiency, Flow Stress Course, and Activation Energy Evolution in Cr-Mo Low-Alloyed Steel

Correlation among the Power Dissipation Efficiency, Flow Stress Course, and Activation Energy Evolution in Cr-Mo Low-Alloyed Steel

Influence of Hot Deformation and Precipitates on the Recrystallization of Nb-V-Ti Free-Cutting Steel

Hot Workability of Ultra-Supercritical Rotor Steel Using a 3-D Processing Map Based on the Dynamic Material Model

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