Hot Workability of Ultra-Supercritical Rotor Steel Using a 3-D Processing Map Based on the Dynamic Material Model

Chen, Xuewen; Du, Yanxia; Lian, Tingting; Du, Kexue; Huang, Tao

doi:10.3390/ma13184118

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In this zone, the material is subjected to biaxial compressive stress and tangential tensile stress [3]. These presence of three deformation zones agrees with the work of Chen et al [28] and Lei et al [29]. However, in this experiment, the flow front of the material is contained by the semi-closed die, resulting in increased compression at the interface.…”

Section: Macrostructure and Flow Lines Of Specimensupporting

confidence: 89%

Design of the semi-closed die for shaping the thick coin-like carbon steel parts in a single operation

Jhonthong,

Talangkun

2023

SN Appl. Sci.

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The current study strives to improve the precision and accuracy of a die and reduce unnecessary production steps. Upset cold forging for thick coin-like carbon steel parts were studied and redesigned for a single operation. The slug used in this experiment was an annealed AISI 1020 carbon steel bar sheared into cylinders having a height to diameter ratio (h0/d0) of 2.07. The design problem is to prevent an inclined slug surface due to surface roughness when it is loaded in the die cavity. The redesigned die is semi-closed with a fixed support at a position 0.25 of the initial height of the slug. Six springs were employed to set the start-to-finish position during forging. The results showed that slugs with rough and uneven surfaces, with an h0/d0 ratio of 2.07, could successfully undergo a single forging. Furthermore, the upset forged coin was designed to have a straight 2.4 mm outer edge, providing area for a set of mechanical fingers to grasp the workpiece during transfer to subsequent steps in the work process of a vertical and/or horizontal forging die set.

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Section: Macrostructure and Flow Lines Of Specimensupporting

confidence: 89%

Design of the semi-closed die for shaping the thick coin-like carbon steel parts in a single operation

Jhonthong,

Talangkun

2023

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…The values of

are obtained by substituting the values of

and m for various conditions in Equation (19) and the alloy instability map can be obtained using the interpolation method [ 36 ], as shown in Figure 11 .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a New Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B Titanium Alloy

Yang

Lang

et al. 2021

Materials

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The hot deformation behaviors of a new Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B titanium alloy in the strain rate range 0.01–10.0 s−1 and temperature range 850–1060 °C were evaluated using hot compressing testing on a Gleeble-3800 simulator at 60% of deformation degree. The flow stress characteristics of the alloy were analyzed according to the true stress–strain curve. The constitutive equation was established to describe the change of deformation temperature and flow stress with strain rate. The thermal deformation activation energy Q was equal to 551.7 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation was ε ˙=e54.41[sinh (0.01σ)]2.35exp(−551.7/RT). On the basis of the dynamic material model and the instability criterion, the processing maps were established at the strain of 0.5. The experimental results revealed that in the (α + β) region deformation, the power dissipation rate reached 53% in the range of 0.01–0.05 s−1 and temperature range of 920–980 °C, and the deformation mechanism was dynamic recovery. In the β region deformation, the power dissipation rate reached 48% in the range of 0.01–0.1 s−1 and temperature range of 1010–1040 °C, and the deformation mechanism involved dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.

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Identification of the Constitutive Model Parameters by Inverse Optimization Method and Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior for Ultra-Supercritical Rotor Steel

Chen

et al. 2021

Materials

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X12 (X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1) ferritic heat resistant steel is an important material for the production of new-generation ultra-supercritical generator rotors. Hot compression tests of X12 ferritic heat-resistant steel were performed via a Gleeble-1500D testing machine under temperatures of 1050–1250 °C and strain rates of 0.05–5 s−1. In order to provide material model data for finite element simulations and accurately predict the hot deformation behavior, a reverse optimization method was proposed to construct elevated temperature constitutive models of X12 ferritic heat-resistant steel in this paper, according to the Hansel–Spittel constitutive model. To verify the accuracy of the model, the predicted and experimental values of the constitutive model were compared. The results indicated that the model had a high prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient between the experimental value and the predicted value of constitutive model was 0.97833. For further verification of the accuracy of the model, it was implemented in finite element FORGE@ software to simulate the compression tests of different samples under different conditions. Comparing actual displacement–load curves with displacement–load curves acquired through finite element simulations, the results indicated that displacement–load curves predicted by the model were very consistent with actual displacement–load curves, which verified the accuracy of the model. Moreover, to research the optimal processing parameters of the material, hot processing maps were drawn according to the dynamic material model. In terms of microstructure evolution, a characteristic area distribution map of the hot processing map was established. Therefore, the optimal hot forming parameters regions were in the range of 1150–1200 °C/0.05–0.62 s−1 for X12 ferritic heat-resistant steel.

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Hot Workability of Ultra-Supercritical Rotor Steel Using a 3-D Processing Map Based on the Dynamic Material Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Design of the semi-closed die for shaping the thick coin-like carbon steel parts in a single operation

Design of the semi-closed die for shaping the thick coin-like carbon steel parts in a single operation

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a New Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B Titanium Alloy

Identification of the Constitutive Model Parameters by Inverse Optimization Method and Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior for Ultra-Supercritical Rotor Steel

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