Horseshoe Lung with Multiple Congenital Anomalies

Abstract

A detailed radiologic and anatomic study of a 20-week-old fetus is presented. In addition to conventional radiography, various contrast medium injection techniques were used. The findings were followed up at autopsy. The fetus showed multiple congenital abnormalities comprising phocomelia, horseshoe lung, horseshoe kidney, urethral stenosis with megacystis, bilateral hydronephrosis, hydrourcters, imperforate anus, and a single tracheo-esophageal tube· (persistent esophago-trachea). The association of horseshoe lung with persistent esophago-trachea, microurethra, megacystis, bilateral hydroureters, hydronephrosis and phocomelia is, we believe, the first ever to have been recorded in the literature. Twenty-one cases of horseshoe lung have been reported in the literature. These cases were reviewed and a comparison with the present case is presented. The embryologic basis for these anomalies is also briefly discussed.

Hipertensão pulmonar em lactente associada a pulmão em ferradura: relato de caso

“…Congenital heart defects occur in 25.0% of the cases; the most common one is the atrial septal defect (50.0%). Other lesions include ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary veins, in a case described recently in the national literature, and coarctation of the aorta 6,7 .…”

A Rare Case of Horseshoe Lung Presenting in Adulthood and Associated With a Pulmonary Sling

“…4 There are only 3 previous case reports of horseshoe lung associated with a pulmonary sling 5-7 and 2 other cases associated with a renal anomaly (horseshoe kidney). 4,8 To our knowledge, this is the first case report of horseshoe lung presenting in an adult and associated with a pulmonary sling, complete bowel malrotation, and renal ectopia.…”

Horseshoe lung associated with scimitar syndrome

“…Both horseshoe lung and scimitar syndrome are rare congenital anomalies; however, the association of the horseshoe lung with scimitar syndrome is common, with the incidence as high as 80%–85% 5–8. In horseshoe lung, posterobasal segments of lungs fuse by a narrow isthmus behind pericardial reflection between heart and aorta 9 10. Fusion happens through common parietal pleural defect that provides communication of the pleural cavities 9.…”

“…In horseshoe lung, posterobasal segments of lungs fuse by a narrow isthmus behind pericardial reflection between heart and aorta 9 10. Fusion happens through common parietal pleural defect that provides communication of the pleural cavities 9. This may happen directly without fissure or indirectly through intervening visceral pleura 1 11.…”

“…Pleural line around the horseshoe lung can readily be seen on CT scan 2. In horseshoe lung, arterial and bronchial supply of the isthmic portion is invariably from the hypoplastic lungs 1 2 6 8–10 13. Historically, conventional angiography and bronchography were used to show this.…”