Hongos entomopatógenos como alternativa para el control biológico de plagas

Abstract

RESUMENLos hongos entomopatógenos son un amplio grupo de micro-organismos que proveen múltiples servicios a los sistemas agroecológicos. Entre esos está la capacidad de regular las plagas para mantenerlas en niveles adecuados. El presente artículo describe los hongos entomopatógenos de mayor utilización para el control biológico de plagas, el mecanismo de acción de los mismos sobre su hospedero, así como investigaciones realizadas sobre el comportamiento in vitro e in situ de los hongos de mayor utilización para el control de ciertos insectos. De igual manera, se describe las formulaciones que se utilizan para el desarrollo de esta biotecnología en campo. En el desarrollo de bioplaguicidas los hongos entomopatógenos son una opción viable para disminuir el detrimento del medio ambiente. ABSTRACTThe entomopatogenic fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that provide multiple services to agroecological systems. Among those the capacity to regulate the pests to keep them in suitable levels stands out. The present paper shows a description of the entomopatogenic fungi of most extensively used for the biological control of pests, their mechanism of action on their host, and also investigations about the in vitro and in situ behavior of the mostly used fungi for the control of some insects. Also, the formulations that are used for the development of this biotechnology in the field are described. In the development of bioinsecticides the entomopatogenic fungi are a viable option to minimize environmental damage. Fungos entomopatogênicos como alternativa para o controle biológico de pragas RESUMOOs fungos entomopatogênicos são um grande grupo de microorganismos que oferecem múltiplos serviços aos sistemas agroecológicos. Entre tais serviços, está a capacidade de DELGADO, P. A. M.; MURCIA-ORDOÑEZ, B. Hongos entomopatógenos como alternativa para el control biológico de plagas.

Biocontrol Potential of Some Entomopathogenic Fungal Strains Against Bean Aphid Megoura japonica (Matsumura)

“…To overcome problems related to widespread use of chemical pesticides, alternative methods such as biocontrol substances have extensively been researched in the world. Many microbial insecticides based on pathogenic organisms, such as virus, bacteria, fungus, and nematode, have played a significant role in the field of crop protection and are being used to control an extensive range of insects [5][6][7][8][9].…”

In Vitro Pathogenicity of Some Entomopathogenic Fungal Strains against Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

“…To overcome these problems associated with the extensive use of chemical insecticides, alternative approaches such as the use of biological control agents have been widely studied in many countries. Many microbial bio-pesticides based on entomopathogenic organisms such as viruses, nematodes, fungi and bacteria have been playing important roles in the field of plant protection and are being used against a wide range of insect pests [4][5][6][7][8]. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea are appearing to be effective, environment-friendly and target-specific biocontrol tools against many sucking insect pest species [5,[9][10][11].…”

Importancia del control biológico de plagas en maíz (Zea mays L.)

“…Estos microrganismos patógenos son efectivos en el control de insectos plaga (Rios et al, 2017), sin embargo, es importante destacar que para ello es necesario el desarrollo de las condiciones que requieren para su reproducción, además de considerar el manejo que se le haya dado en la preparación hasta la aplicación del mismo (Motta-Delgado y Murcia-Ordoñez, 2011;Ángel-Ríos et al, 2015). Por todo lo anterior, es importante mencionar que estos microrganismos son de los más utilizados para el control de insectos plaga (Rios et al, 2017).…”