Honesty-humility and dictator and ultimatum game-giving in children

Allgaier, Katharina; Ścigała, Karolina Aleksandra; Trautwein, Ulrich; Hilbig, Benjamin E.; Zettler, Ingo

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103907

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We offer two tentative explanations for the connection between these behaviors, both of which draw from common social factors such as a temperamental or a personality trait. First, anonymous sharing can be predicted by parental ratings of their children's honesty-humility from the HEXACO-model of personality (Allgaier et al, 2020). The honesty-humility axis encapsulates children's greed avoidance (relevant for anonymous sharing) and modesty (relevant for conformity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, participants believe that experimenters are blind to their sharing, meaning that they do not expect to receive recognition for their action and any sharing is only motivated by a desire to benefit another person. Previous studies have linked conceptually similar sharing with theory of mind (Takagishi et al, 2010), moral emotions (Gummerum et al, 2010), attachment security (Paulus et al, 2016), and the honesty-humility trait dimension from the HEXACO-model of personality (Allgaier et al, 2020). Here, we chose to examine whether there was an association between anonymous sharing and conformity.…”

Section: Anonymous Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Does Preschoolers’ Conformity Relate to Parental Style, Anonymous Sharing, and Obedience?

Hellmer

Stenberg

Fawcett

2022

DEV

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Children, just like adults, conform to peer testimony when making ostensibly easy decisions. Yet, some are more prone to conform than others and little is known about which factors contribute to this variability. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the reasons for individual differences in conformity by examining potential correlates of experimentally-elicited conformity in a sample of Swedish 3.5-year-olds (N = 55; 56%girls). Specifically, we asked whether conformity was socialized by parents via their parental style and whether conformity is correlated with the behaviors of anonymous sharing or obedience, which might each share a common motivation with conformity. Our data showed that children’s conformity was associated with fathers’, but not mothers’, authoritarian parental style and with anonymous sharing, but not obedience. The findings lend support to the notions that authoritarian parental style encourages conformist behavior, and that conformity is correlated with anonymous sharing behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anonymous Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Preschoolers’ Conformity Relate to Parental Style, Anonymous Sharing, and Obedience?

Hellmer

Stenberg

Fawcett

2022

DEV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As a result, we are unable to determine what kinds of factors may help explain individual differences in participants’ behavior. Individual differences in response inhibition (Steinbeis et al, 2012) and Honesty‐Humility (Allgaier et al, 2020) have been found to influence Ultimatum Game play. Quantitative reasoning skills and theory of mind (Tsoi & McAuliffe, 2020) may be particularly relevant to the Uninformed condition (but note that Steinbeis et al, 2012 did not find differences in theory of mind to strongly relate to the Ultimatum Game strategy).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect evidence for the emergence of this kind of thinking in development comes from studies showing that adolescents and children ages 8 and older make higher offers in the Ultimatum Game than the Dictator Game. This discrepancy between Ultimatum Game and Dictator Game offers indicates an understanding of Ultimatum Game strategy and is shown when the same proposers play both games (Leman et al, 2009; Steinbeis et al, 2012) as well as when separate groups of proposers play each game (Allgaier et al, 2020; Bereby‐Meyer & Fiks, 2013; Güroğlu et al, 2009). However, evidence for sensitivity to Ultimatum Game strategy in the early elementary school years is more mixed.…”

Section: Strategic Fairness and Selfishness In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children strategically conceal selfishness

et al. 2021

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Can children exploit knowledge asymmetries to get away with selfishness? This question was addressed by testing 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children (N = 164; 81 girls) from the Northeastern United States in a modified Ultimatum Game. Children were assigned to the roles of proposers (who offered some proportion of an endowment) and responders (who could accept or reject offers). Both players in the Informed condition knew the endowment quantity in each trial. However, in the Uninformed condition, only proposers knew this information. In this condition, many proposers made “strategically selfish” offers that seemed fair based on the responders’ incomplete knowledge but were actually highly selfish. These results indicate that even young children possess the ability to deceive others about their selfishness.

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“…Children aged 3 behave more selfishly than children at the age of 5 and girls were more altruistic than boys (for 5-years old girls the mode of distribution was 50 %). Allgaier et al (2020) carried out a classical ultimatum and dictator experiment with nine-years old children (N=164), who were distributing candies (10 chewy candies, in total). In both cases, the fair split occurred in 75% of cases at ultimatum settings and 50 % in the dictator setting.…”

Section: Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the nature of the economic game ultimatum through the prism of personality traits

Žiaran¹,

Bačík²,

Gavurová³

et al. 2021

JESI

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Ultimatum game belongs to the classical economic experiments, frequently used to study altruism and pro-social behavior. The objective of the research is to understand relations between the personality and the ultimatum game from the responder´s perspective. Participants (N=224, females 62%) filled the web-based questionnaires on Hexaco-PI and hypothetic minimal acceptable sum as respondents in the ultimatum game. Data was analyzed by means of the structural equation model and the binominal regression model, using the narrow traits as input variables. Interestingly, the most frequented value of minimal acceptable amount was a fair offer (50 % of the total sum). A fair offer was expected by 50 % of females and 42 % of males; what erodes the traditional thesis of economic rationality, according to which any offer higher than 0 should be accepted. Hence, people have natural tendency to expect and require a fair deal. Results from the logit model show that the minimal acceptable sum in the ultimatum game is predicted, firstly, by liveliness and sociability (wider trait extraversion) and secondly, by sentimentality and dependence (wider trait emotionality). In other words, tendency to expect and require fair offer manifests at optimistic and joyful people able to create strong emotional connections. Logit model´s results were reconfirmed by the structural equation models, where wider traits extraversion and emotionality were found statistically significant. Findings have interesting implications as regards the understanding of underlying psychological processes in the frame of altruistic decision-making.

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Honesty-humility and dictator and ultimatum game-giving in children

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

How Does Preschoolers’ Conformity Relate to Parental Style, Anonymous Sharing, and Obedience?

How Does Preschoolers’ Conformity Relate to Parental Style, Anonymous Sharing, and Obedience?

Children strategically conceal selfishness

Understanding the nature of the economic game ultimatum through the prism of personality traits

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