Homogenous particleboard made from whole cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalk agricultural waste: Optimisation of particle size and influence of cotton residue on performance

Abstract

The objective of this research was to characterize the cotton stalk resource. This paper also focused on the manufacturing of formaldehyde-free particleboards using whole cotton stalk. The effects of opening particle sizes and cotton ball residue ratios on performance properties of manufactured particleboard was assessed. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) were characterized. Particleboards manufactured from four different opening particle sizes (6, 8, 10, and 20 mm) using an emulsifiable polymeric isocyanate adhesive (eMDI) were investigated. Similarly, the same performance properties were evaluated using four different cotton ball residue ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%). Results showed that the stem length and diameter of cotton stalks cultivated in Queensland (Australia) vary greatly and range from 160 to 890 mm and 5.03 to 10.88 mm, respectively. The highest weight proportion of the resource is the cotton stem making up 46 wt% of the available resource. The highest average values of MOR, MOE, IB, and the lowest TS were observed for boards with an opening particle size of 8 mm. The cotton ball residues had detrimental effects on the mechanical properties with a decrease in properties observed with increasing cotton ball residue load.

Evaluation of bean residues in the production of agglomerated panels

“…On the other hand, the properties of water absorption and thickness swelling (Figure 3) also showed a general tendency to increase due to the increase in the addition of agricultural by-products. The data obtained by the panels with the addition of waste did not show a significant difference between them and were higher than the values found for the reference panels and also for products made from the raw material of other agricultural residues, such as hazelnut (Çöpür et al 2007), rice (Ayrilmis et al 2012) and cotton (Nguyen et al 2020). This upward trend is explained in the literature essentially by the large presence of holocellulose in the waste, these structures are highly reactive with water, by the low presence of lignin, hydrophobic structure, and also by the high compaction ratio of the panels (Figure 2) (Iwakiri and Trianoski 2020).…”

“…In this context and in view of the current great social demand for the diffusion of economic and ecological processes in the different branches of human activities, several agricultural residues have been evaluated regarding the influence of their addition in particulate panels, such as soybean (Borges et al 2022), grape (Wong et al 2020), cotton (Nguyen et al 2020), corn (Prasetiyo et al 2020), sugarcane bagasse (Soares et al 2017), hazelnut (Çöpür et al 2007), coffee (Scatolino et al 2017, Santos et al 2022, rice (Ayrilmis et al 2012), coconut (Narciso et al 2020). Particles of wheat (Gomes et al 2023), bamboo (Gomes et al 2021 and bean (Miranda et al 2023) were also evaluated in matrices of other composite materials of gypsum, cement and polymer.…”

Design and test of a wheel-belt type cotton stalk puller

“…Diseases and pests spread quickly, and leaving the root system in the field can cause diseases and pests to occur again in the same field [2][3][4] . Furthermore, in order to promote the further development of the cotton industry towards a precision and intensive production mode, it is necessary to enhance the economic value of cotton stalk by-products (such as activated carbon, feed, and panel materials), and improve the efficient utilization, intensification, and circular use of cotton stalk resources [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Additionally, in order to prevent pollution and reduce the impact of remaining root residue on film recovery, there is an urgent need to develop whole-stalk cotton stalk pulling equipment [13,14] .…”

Production and evaluation of particleboards made of coconut fibers, pine, and eucalyptus using bicomponent polyurethane-castor oil resin

“…However, the production and quality of the product need improvement. Diverse lignocellulosic materials have been used to produce particleboards (Farag et al 2020;Nguyen et al 2020;Wong et al 2020;Mahieu et al 2021;Martins et al 2021;Santos et al 2021). Among the wide PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com range of lignocellulosic materials studied, the residual natural fibers of coconut shell are abundant in Brazil.…”