Homogeneity of Climate Series

Falarz, Małgorzata; Wibig, Joanna; Matuszko, Dorota; Filipiak, Janusz; Hajto, Monika J.; Taszarek, Mateusz; Bielec-Bąkowska, Zuzanna; Wypych, Agnieszka; Ustrnul, Zbigniew

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_4

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A change in thermal conditions in Europe around 1985 (including Poland) has been noted by, for example, Twardosz et al (2021). In addition to the increase in average annual air temperature, the number of warm days (Tmax ≥25 C) and hot days (Tmax ≥30 C) is also increasing Tomczyk et al, 2019;Wibig, 2021). A substantial increase in temperature in the warm season has been noted ( _ Zmudzka, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another characteristic for which measuring instruments were changed in the multiyear period was wind speed. However, Falarz et al (2021) showed that switching from manual to automatic anemometers resulted in an average change in wind speed results of 1%. They also found that this change did not significantly affect the homogeneity of the measurement data series.…”

Section: Area Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference evapotranspiration during the growing season in Poland (central Europe) in response to ongoing climate changes (1966–2020)

Araźny

Kępińska-Kasprzak

Łaszyca

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle and influences, for example, water management and agricultural production. The article presents temporal and spatial changes in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in the growing season (April–September) against the background of climatic conditions in Poland in the years 1966–2020. ETo was calculated using the Penman–Monteith method using data from 37 meteorological stations in the network of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management‐National Research Institute. For the growing season of April–September, the average sum of ETo for Poland was 529 mm. In terms of spatial distribution, the values were lowest in northern Poland (Kołobrzeg, 480 mm; Lębork, 488 mm) and highest in the central lowlands (Warsaw, 570 mm; Poznań, 566 mm). For individual months, the average sum of ETo ranged from 53 to 63 mm in April and September to 108–112 mm in June and July. In Poland, in the years 1966–2020, ETo showed a statistically significant upward trend of 16.4 mm/10 year. This is the result of, inter alia, statistically significant increases in sunshine duration and air temperature and a decrease in relative humidity (respectively: 62 h/10 year, 0.40°C/10 year and −1%/10 year) during the growing season in Poland. Within the multiyear study period, the maximum ETo values occurred in 2018, reaching values of >700 mm. At that time, Poland was under the influence of very intense anticyclonic circulation. This is confirmed by the relationship between ETo and the anticyclonic circulation index for central Poland, which is statistically significant for the 55 study years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Area Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference evapotranspiration during the growing season in Poland (central Europe) in response to ongoing climate changes (1966–2020)

Araźny

Kępińska-Kasprzak

Łaszyca

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Therefore, the sunshine duration totals from Śnieżka in this paper are crucial for the analyses of this element. Nevertheless, the analysis of sunshine duration trends on the basis of the combined series of heliograph and electronic sensor data is possible and the differences are small and do not break the homogeneity of the series (Bartoszek et al, 2020; Falarz et al, 2021). The results of a study on the homogeneity of the series of sunshine duration data from a heliograph and an SD sensor in the Czech Republic indicate that data from automatic measurements generally indicate smaller totals compared to data obtained from a heliograph.…”

Section: Source Data Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for shortening snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes in light of global climate change

Urban

Richterová

Kliegrová

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This article discusses the reasons for shortening snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes, considering local changes in: air temperature; amount and type of precipitation; sunshine duration and atmospheric circulation leading to changes in the number of days with snow cover and its depth; and its start and end dates. All factors were linked to the exposure and relief of the study area. The analysis was made for the winter seasons (Nov–Apr) 1961/1962–2020/2021. It was found that the primary reasons for the shortening of snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes are: a multi‐year increase in air temperature and sunshine duration; changes in precipitation patterns—a decrease in the proportion of solid precipitation, changes in atmospheric circulation—including an increase in anticyclonic circulation types with sunny weather, especially in April (snow cover disappears in most of the elevation profile of the Sudetes); and less cyclonic weather types. The above factors synergistically affect the lower snow depth, and fewer days with solid precipitation, which promotes its faster spring ablation. In the subsequent 30 years (climatological norms), there is a successive shortening in its duration. On the snow cover start dates, there are no clear trends in the direction and rate of change. On end dates, negative trends are observed, in most cases statistically significant. The rate of change for the end dates of snow cover is about twice as high as the start dates. The rate of decline in snow cover is higher at stations at similar altitudes with northern macro‐exposure than southern. The results correspond with other studies from Europe and the world on the earlier disappearance of snow cover. They confirm the successive global warming and shortening snow cover duration, especially evident in the last few decades.

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“…Homogeneity tests can be used to detect the presence of long-term movements in recorded time series, but the interpretation of the results from such tests is often conducted in the absence of sufficient station metadata [36]. Various changes during the history of meteorological stations can be the cause of loss of climate series homogeneity [34]. Such information is not readily available; however, even if a station history is available, the adjustment of suspect records generally requires the deployment of more sophisticated algorithms, as stated by Peterson et al [66].…”

Section: Climatic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A homogeneous climate data series is defined as one where variations are caused only by variations in weather and climate [33]. Breaks in the homogeneity of time series may be caused by nonclimatic factors, such as changes in instruments, observation methods, station locations, environments, etc., during the history of meteorological stations that make climate data unrepresentative of temporal climate variability [20,32,34]. Recently developed statistical techniques are available for detecting the presence of long-term movements in recorded time series so as to test the homogeneity problems [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Variability in Hydroclimate over the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China

Yang

Bing

2022

Atmosphere

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As global warming produces dramatic climate changes, water management is facing increasingly serious challenges. Given to the process of climate change and its complex effects on watershed hydrology, this paper investigates the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of major climatic factors (i.e., precipitation and temperature) over the upper Yangtze River basin (UYRB), China. The statistical analyses are based on annual and seasonal scales during 1951–2020 with a recorded period of seven decades. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test and R/S analysis are used to record the temporal trends (past and future) of climate variables; the Pettitt test, standard normal homogeneity test and Buishand test are used to detect the homogeneity in climate series. The sensitivities of the streamflow to climatic parameters are assessed at the watershed scale, especially considering the Three Gorges Dam’s (TGD) effect on changing runoff. The results of the study indicate that the annual precipitation of 29 out of 34 series indicate homogeneity, while 31 out of 34 annual mean temperature series show heterogeneity, with jump points around 1997 in the mean temperature of 20 sites. Detectable changes in precipitation were not observed during 1951–2020; however, the temperature increased significantly in the whole basin on annual and seasonal scales, except for several stations in the eastern part. The magnitude of increase in air temperature in high altitudes (Tibet Plateau) is higher than that in low altitudes (Sichuan Plain) over the last seven decades, and future temperatures continue to sharply increase in high altitudes. The TGD plays an important role in explaining the seasonal variations in streamflow at Yichang station, with streamflow experiencing a sharp increase in winter and spring (dry season) and a decrease in summer and autumn (rainy season) compared to the pre-TGD period. The streamflow variation at an annual scale is mainly regulated by climate fluctuation (variation in precipitation). During the last seven decades, increasing air temperature and decreases in rainfall and runoff signify reduced water resources availability, and the climate tends to be warmer and drier over the basin. The sensitivity of the streamflow to watershed precipitation is higher than that to temperature, with variation in annual rainfall explaining 71% of annual runoff variability.

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Homogeneity of Climate Series

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Reference evapotranspiration during the growing season in Poland (central Europe) in response to ongoing climate changes (1966–2020)

Reference evapotranspiration during the growing season in Poland (central Europe) in response to ongoing climate changes (1966–2020)

Reasons for shortening snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes in light of global climate change

Spatio-Temporal Variability in Hydroclimate over the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China

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