Holographic nanopatterning of the organic semiconductor poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylene)

Gigli, Giuseppe; Rinaldi, R.; Turco, C.; Visconti, Paolo; Cingolani, R.; Cacialli, Franco

doi:10.1063/1.122938

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To achieve this, several techniques have been explored for patterning polymers, including site-selective chemical vapour deposition on patterned precursors, [ 12 ] micro-molding in capillaries, [ 13 ] screen and inkjet printing, [ 3 , 14 ] holographic lithography, [ 15 ] dip-pen nanolithography, [ 16 ] nano-thermal lithography, [ 17 ] micro-contact printing, [ 18 ] and electron-beam lithography, [ 19 ] as well as conventional etching. Each technique has particular strengths, which may be in terms of fl exibility, resolution, or the amount of damage infl icted on the active polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Scanning Near‐Field Optical Lithography of Conjugated Polymers

Credgington

Fenwick

Charas

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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The fabrication of high‐resolution nanostructures in both poly(p‐phenylene vinylene), PPV, and a crosslinkable derivative of poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene), F8, using scanning near‐field optical lithography, is reported. The ability to draw complex, reproducible structures with 65000 pixels and lateral resolution below 60 nm (< λ/5) is demonstrated over areas up to 20 μm × 20 μm. Patterning on length‐scales of this order is desirable for realizing applications both in organic nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. The technique is based on the site‐selective insolubilization of a precursor polymer under exposure to the confined optical field present at the tip of an apertured near‐field optical fiber probe. In the case of PPV, a leaving‐group reaction is utilized to achieve insolubilization, whereas the polyfluorene is insolubilized using a photoacid initiator to create a crosslinked network in situ. For PPV, resolubilization of the features is observed at high exposure energies. This is not seen for the crosslinked F8 derivative, r‐F8Ox, allowing us to pattern structures up to 200 nm in height.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Scanning Near‐Field Optical Lithography of Conjugated Polymers

Credgington

Fenwick

Charas

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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“…53,54 In the first case, the configuration of three focused beams determines the translational symmetry of the 2D pattern. Here we briefly introduce the practical setup for several 2D lattices.…”

Section: Formation Of Two-dimensional (2d) Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating three‐dimensional polymeric photonic structures by multi‐beam interference lithography

Moon

Ford

Yang

2006

Polymers for Advanced Techs

171

133

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The fabrication of true three-dimensional (3D) microstructures both rapidly and economically over a large area with negligible defects is attractive for a wide range of applications. In particular, multi-beam interference lithography is one of the promising techniques that can mass-produce polymeric 3D photonic crystals defectfree over a large area. This review discusses the relationship between beam geometry and the symmetry of the interference patterns, the lithographic process, and various types of photoresist systems, including thick films of negative-tone and positive-tone photoresists, organic-inorganic hybrids, hydrogels, and holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. AbstractThe fabrication of true three-dimensional (3D) microstructures both rapidly and economically over a large area with negligible defects is attractive for a wide range of applications. In particular, multi-beam interference lithography is one of the promising techniques that can mass-produce polymeric 3D photonic crystals defect-free over a large area. This review discusses the relationship between beam geometry and the symmetry of the interference patterns, the lithographic process, and various types of photoresist systems, including thick films of negative-tone and positive-tone photoresists, organic-inorganic hybrids, hydrogels, and holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals.

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“…This idea can be extended to both two and three dimensions using a range of fabrication techniques. [13][14][15][16][17] There is currently much interest in the application of two-dimensional microstructuring to a variety of optical systems, such as providing in-plane confinement of certain microcavity modes, 18 complete band gaps for surface modes, 19 enhanced light extraction and out-of-plane scattering of guided modes, [20][21][22] and feedback for organic microcavity lasers. 23 In this paper, surface microstructuring 24 is used to provide band gaps for the guided modes of microcavities based on metallic mirrors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat photonic bands in guided modes of textured metallic microcavities

Salt

Barnes

2000

Phys. Rev. B

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A detailed experimental study of how wavelength-scale periodic texture modifies the dispersion of the guided modes of /2 metal-clad microcavities is presented. We first examine the case of a solid-state microcavity textured with a single, periodic corrugation. We explore how the depth of the corrugation and the waveguide thickness affect the width of the band gap produced in the dispersion of the guided modes by Bragg scattering off the periodic structure. We demonstrate that the majority of the corrugation depths studied dramatically modify the dispersion of the lowest-order cavity mode to produce a series of substantially flat bands. From measurements of how the central frequency of the band gap varies with direction of propagation of the guided modes, we determine a suitable two-dimensional texture profile for the production of a complete band gap in all directions of propagation. We then experimentally examine band gaps produced in the guided modes of such a two-dimensionally textured microcavity and demonstrate the existence of a complete band gap for all directions of propagation of the lowest-order TE-polarized mode. We compare our experimental results with those from a theoretical model and find good agreement. Implications of these results for emissive microcavity devices such as light-emitting diodes are discussed.

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Holographic nanopatterning of the organic semiconductor poly(p-phenylene vinylene)

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

High‐Resolution Scanning Near‐Field Optical Lithography of Conjugated Polymers

High‐Resolution Scanning Near‐Field Optical Lithography of Conjugated Polymers

Fabricating three‐dimensional polymeric photonic structures by multi‐beam interference lithography

Flat photonic bands in guided modes of textured metallic microcavities

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