Hollow Electron Ptychographic Diffractive Imaging

Song, Biying; Ding, Zhifeng; Allen, Christopher S.; Sawada, Hidetaka; Zhang, Fucai; Pan, Xiaoqing; Warner, Jamie H.; Kirkland, Angus I.; Wang, Peng

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.146101

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Wang and co‐workers carried out low‐dose ptychography on MoS 2 using a direct detection camera and such a defocused probe 296. In addition, a new design of hollow pixelated detector that allows simultaneous ptychographic phase‐retrieval and electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis has recently been proposed 297…”

Section: Technological and Methodological Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Beam‐Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy

et al. 2020

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Electron microscopy allows the extraction of multidimensional spatiotemporally correlated structural information of diverse materials down to atomic resolution, which is essential for figuring out their structureproperty relationships. Unfortunately, the high-energy electrons that carry this important information can cause damage by modulating the structures of the materials. This has become a significant problem concerning the recent boost in materials science applications of a wide range of beam-sensitive materials, including metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic frameworks, organicinorganic hybrid materials, 2D materials, and zeolites. To this end, developing electron microscopy techniques that minimize the electron beam damage for the extraction of intrinsic structural information turns out to be a compelling but challenging need. This article provides a comprehensive review on the revolutionary strategies toward the electron microscopic imaging of beamsensitive materials and associated materials science discoveries, based on the principles of electron-matter interaction and mechanisms of electron beam damage. Finally, perspectives and future trends in this field are put forward. he worked as a postdoctoral fellow and research scientist at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. His research interests now focus on low-dose electron microscopy and structural elucidation of beam-sensitive materials for applications such as catalysis, gas separation, and energy conversion/storage.

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Section: Technological and Methodological Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Beam‐Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy

et al. 2020

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“…We start with initializing each of the N qubits in (|0 − i |1 ) / √ 2, which collectively corresponds to an atomic coherent state |π/2, −π/2 in the (θ, φ) notation, by applying an X π/2 rotational pulse at the qubit's idle frequency (sinusoids in zone I), following which we bias the N qubits to ∆/2π ≈ −330 MHz for an optimized duration close to π/2|λ| (zone II). The phase of each qubit's XY drive, which defines the rotational axis in the equator plane, is calibrated according to the rotating frame with respect to ∆, ensuring that all N qubits are in the same initial state just before their collective interactions are switched on [5,14]. Right after the interactions we bias these qubits back to their respective idle frequencies, ω j , for further operations if necessary, and then to their respective measurement frequencies, ω m j , for readout.…”

Section: Fig 2 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exist various kinds of multipartite entangled states, among which the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, i.e., the 2-component atomic Schrödinger cat states, are particularly appealing and useful [2]. These states play a key role in quantumbased technologies, including open-destination quantum teleportation [3], concatenated error correcting codes [4], quantum simulation [5], and high-precision spectroscopy measurement [6]. In principle, the number of particles that can be deterministically entangled in a quantum processor is a benchmark of its capability in processing quantum information.…”

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confidence: 99%

Generation of multicomponent atomic Schrödinger cat states of up to 20 qubits

Song

et al. 2019

Science

324

220

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We report on deterministic generation of 18-qubit genuinely entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and multi-component atomic Schrödinger cat states of up to 20 qubits on a quantum processor, which features 20 superconducting qubits interconnected by a bus resonator. By engineering a one-axis twisting Hamiltonian enabled by the resonator-mediated interactions, the system of qubits initialized coherently evolves to an over-squeezed, non-Gaussian regime, where atomic Schrödinger cat states, i.e., superpositions of atomic coherent states including GHZ state, appear at specific time intervals in excellent agreement with theory. With high controllability, we are able to take snapshots of the dynamics by plotting quasidistribution Q-functions of the 20qubit atomic cat states, and globally characterize the 18-qubit GHZ state which yields a fidelity of 0.525 ± 0.005 confirming genuine eighteen-partite entanglement. Our results demonstrate the largest entanglement controllably created so far in solid state architectures, and the process of generating and detecting multipartite entanglement may promise applications in practical quantum metrology, quantum information processing and quantum computation.

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“…As first demonstrated in coherent diffractive imaging 22 and X-ray ptychography 23 , partial coherence of the probe can be well accounted for by introducing such state mixtures into the reconstruction method 21,24,25 . High coherent field-emission guns are widely used as the electron sources in modern electron microscopes and so electron ptychography usually assumes only a pure coherent state of the illumination probe 5,26,27 . This assumption is often sufficient when an in-focus-illumination probe is adopted 5,27 or when a nanometer spatial resolution is targeted 26 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Mixed-state electron ptychography enables sub-angstrom resolution imaging with picometer precision at low dose

et al. 2020

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Both high resolution and high precision are required to quantitatively determine the atomic structure of complex nanostructured materials. However, for conventional imaging methods in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), atomic resolution with picometer precision cannot usually be achieved for weakly-scattering samples or radiation-sensitive materials, such as 2D materials. Here, we demonstrate low-dose, sub-angstrom resolution imaging with picometer precision using mixed-state electron ptychography. We show that correctly accounting for the partial coherence of the electron beam is a prerequisite for highquality structural reconstructions due to the intrinsic partial coherence of the electron beam. The mixed-state reconstruction gains importance especially when simultaneously pursuing high resolution, high precision and large field-of-view imaging. Compared with conventional atomic-resolution STEM imaging techniques, the mixed-state ptychographic approach simultaneously provides a four-times-faster acquisition, with double the information limit at the same dose, or up to a fifty-fold reduction in dose at the same resolution.

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Hollow Electron Ptychographic Diffractive Imaging

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Imaging Beam‐Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy

Imaging Beam‐Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy

Generation of multicomponent atomic Schrödinger cat states of up to 20 qubits

Mixed-state electron ptychography enables sub-angstrom resolution imaging with picometer precision at low dose

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