Holding Mayors Accountable: New York's Executives from Koch to Bloomberg

Arnold, R. Douglas; Carnes, Nicholas

doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00603.x

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Much of the literature has focused on assessing presidential approval in terms of executive performance on the economy and foreign policy (Norpoth et al 1991;Gronke and Newman 2003;Berlemann and Enkelmann 2012). Few works exist that link presidential approval and public security, most probably because crime is commonly linked to local authorities (e.g., Arnold and Carnes 2012;Chevigny 2003;Devroe 2013). However, the aggravated security situation in many countries, especially in Latin America, and the globalization of criminal organizations have made crime a national issue (Castorena and Zechmeister 2015), and have therefore placed national executives as the main figures in the fight against crime.…”

Section: Presidential Approval and Public Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico's War on Crime

Romero¹,

Magaloni

Díaz-Cayeros

2016

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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To fight criminal organizations effectively, governments require support from significant segments of society. Citizen support provides important leverage for executives, allowing them to continue their policies. Yet winning citizens' hearts and minds is not easy. Public security is a deeply complex issue. Responsibility is shared among different levels of government; information is highly mediated by mass media and individual acquaintances; and security has a strong effect on peoples' emotions, since it threatens to affect their most valuable assets-life and property. How do citizens translate their assessments of public security into presidential approval? To answer this question, this study develops explicit theoretical insights into the conditions under which different dimensions of public security affect presidential approval. The arguments are tested using Mexico as a case study.T his study analyzes the impact that citizens' assessments of security issues have on presidential approval. Specifically, it delves into the specific conditions that prompt citizens to punish or reward the chief executive. Little is known about the impact public security issues have on presidential approval. The bulk of the literature has focused on analyzing the impact of the economy and foreign affairs on an executive's job approval. 1 The relationship between crime and performance evaluations has usually been the domain of local politics. However, due to the significant increase in crime and violence in many countries around the globe, the responsibility for public security has partially shifted away from local governments toward the national sphere of government.

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Section: Presidential Approval and Public Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico's War on Crime

Romero¹,

Magaloni

Díaz-Cayeros

2016

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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“…1 Most of the research in this area suggests that citizens hold elected officials accountable when things go wrong. For instance, there is evidence that voters respond to spikes in crime (Arnold and Carnes 2012;Bateson 2012), negative economic shocks (Fiorina 1978;Lenz 2014, 2017), failing schools (e.g., Berry and Howell 2007;Holbein 2016;Holbein and Hassell 2019), battlefield deaths (Grose and Oppenheimer 2007;Karol and Miguel 2007;Kriner and Shen 2007;Mueller 1973), and even other unanticipated negative events (Fair et al 2017;Gasper and Reeves 2011;Healy and Malhotra 2009;Heersink, Peterson, and Jenkins 2017). (For a more thorough overview of this literature, see Table A1 and Section 1d in the Online Appendix.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilize for Our Lives? School Shootings and Democratic Accountability in U.S. Elections

Hassell¹,

Holbein

Baldwin

2020

Am Polit Sci Rev

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Gun violence is a large and growing problem in the United States. Many reformers look towards elections to spur policy change in this area. In this paper, we explore the effects of school shootings on electoral mobilization and election outcomes. We pair data from several sources that measure validated voter registration; validated voter turnout; and the electoral performance of officials at the local, state, and federal levels with regression discontinuity and panel methods. Our effects show that shootings have little to no effect on electoral outcomes in the United States. Our work demonstrates that even when tragic events occur that are squarely in the realm of elected officials’ responsibility, have high levels of issue salience, are highly-covered by the media, draw citizens’ attention, and (perhaps) shift public opinion, these seemingly favorable conditions may not be enough to elicit democratic accountability.

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“…Oliver and Ha () have shown that in suburban elections, local economic conditions are not closely related to support for incumbents, but negative perceptions of government performance are. Arnold and Carnes () find, however, that citizens do reward or punish mayors for local economic conditions. Finally, we include a control for the competitiveness of the election, measured as it is in most research, by subtracting the closet losing candidate's vote share from the winning candidate's vote share (Cox ; Lindgren and Southwell ; Maeda ; Singh, Lago, and Blais ; Stockemer ) .…”

Section: Measuring Changes In Test Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Buck Stops with the Education Mayor: Mayoral Control and Local Test Scores in U.S. Urban Mayoral Elections

Lay

Tyburski

2017

Politics & Policy

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Several U.S. cities have turned control of their schools from elected boards to the mayor. Advocates of mayoral control have argued that this structure allows voters to hold the mayor directly accountable for the performance of local schools. Now that public schools have to report their test scores each year, it is possible for voters to attribute responsibility for test scores. This article analyzes survey data from 16 cities in the United States that have been matched with data on test scores. We find that, in general, test score changes are not associated with support for incumbent mayors, except in districts with mayoral control, where voters reward incumbents when test scores rise. Further, voters' beliefs about local schools condition their support for the incumbent. In cities with mayoral control, voters who evaluate schools positively reward mayors while voters who believe their schools are poor are not swayed by this positive information. Related Articles Related Media Baltimore Sun. . “Make the Mayor Accountable for the Schools.” February 23. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-city-schools-20170223-story.html BethFertig. . “After 12 Years of Bloomberg, Data Reigns in the Schools.” WNYC. http://www.wnyc.org/story/303900-bloombergs-schools-legacy-use-data/

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Holding Mayors Accountable: New York's Executives from Koch to Bloomberg

Cited by 60 publications

References 38 publications

Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico's War on Crime

Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico's War on Crime

Mobilize for Our Lives? School Shootings and Democratic Accountability in U.S. Elections

The Buck Stops with the Education Mayor: Mayoral Control and Local Test Scores in U.S. Urban Mayoral Elections

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