HIV Testing and Counseling Among Female Sex Workers: A Systematic Literature Review

Tokar, Anna; Broerse, Jacqueline E. W.; Blanchard, James; Roura, María

doi:10.1007/s10461-018-2043-3

Cited by 65 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(437 reference statements)

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“…In our case, it became clear that the mosquito was perceived as an equalizer; the mosquito does not discriminate between rich and poor, biting everyone equally. Quite a different reaction was experienced in other epidemics, such as Ebola, where a definitive association of the disease with only "poor people" was patent [45], or in the case of HIV where stigma has persisted even after provision of effective treatment [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While broad socio-ecological models have been previously employed to account for the links between individual, community, and broader structural factors, and informed multi-sectorial responses to other epidemics, such as AIDS [22,23], they have been insufficiently employed to inform the response to the Zika epidemic [24]. In addition, few studies have so far been conducted to address the impacts that the Zika epidemic had on women's lives at the transnational level, and the ways in which women dealt with Zika outbreaks have yet to be documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Solidarity, vulnerability and mistrust: how context, information and government affect the lives of women in times of Zika

2020

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Background: The public health response to Zika outbreak has mostly focused on epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and individual level preventative measures. This qualitative study employs a social-ecological framework to examine how macro (historical, legislative, political, socio-economic factors), meso (sources of information, social support, social mobilization) and micro level factors (individual actions, behavioral changes) interacted to influence the response and behavior of women with respect to Zika in different contexts. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out. Women were recruited through the snowball sampling technique from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. They were of different nationalities and ethnicities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Women in this study deemed the information provided as insufficient, which led them to actively reach out and access a variety of media sources. Social networks played a vital role in sharing information but also resulted in the spread of hoaxes or rumors. Participants in our research perceived socio-economic inequities but focused on how to remedy their microenvironments. They did not engage in major social activities. Lack of trust in governments placed women in vulnerable situations by preventing them to follow the guidance of health authorities. These impacts were also a result of the response tactics of health and government administrations in their failed attempts to ensure the well-being of their countries' populations. Conclusions: Our findings call for public health interventions that go beyond individual level behavioral change campaigns, to more comprehensively address the broader meso and macro level factors that influence women' willingness and possibility to protect themselves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Solidarity, vulnerability and mistrust: how context, information and government affect the lives of women in times of Zika

2020

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“…A possible interpretation of this result is that FSWs who live with a partner get tested, usually, when they feel exposed or expose themselves to risks, and not because they are aware of the importance of periodic HIV testing. Recent studies in international literature also indicated that greater risk perception is associated with a greater chance of HIV testing 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV testing coverage among female sex workers, Brazil, 2016

Brito

Szwarcwald

Damacena

et al. 2019

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction: Knowing the factors associated with periodic HIV testing among female sex workers (FSW) is essential to expand testing coverage and to broaden programs of treatment as prevention. Methods: We used data from 4,328 FSWs recruited by the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Data analysis considered the complex sampling design. The prevalence of HIV testing in the last year and periodic HIV test were estimated. Factors associated with regular HIV testing were identified through logistic regression models. Results: The testing coverage in the last year was 39.3%. Only 13.5% of FSW reported having performed a periodic HIV test in the last year. Among the factors associated with the higher probability of HIV testing in the last year were a better level of education, living with a partner, working indoors, consistent use of condoms, and regular use of public and private health services stood out. Discussion: Periodic HIV testing allows early diagnosis and immediate treatment of cases, reducing the chances of spreading the infection to the population. However, factors such as stigma and discrimination hinder the use of regular health services. Conclusion: It is necessary to expand awareness campaigns, especially among FSWs with low educational level and greater vulnerability, in order to broaden the perception of risk and the importance of periodic testing, in addition to encouraging regular health care.

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“…While broad socio-ecological models have been previously employed to account for the links between individual, community, and broader structural factors, and informed multi-sectorial responses to other epidemics, such as AIDS [25,26], they have been insufficiently employed to inform the response to the Zika epidemic [27]. In addition, few studies have so far been conducted to address the impacts that the Zika epidemic had on women's lives at the transnational level, and the ways in which women dealt with Zika outbreaks have yet to be documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solidarity, Vulnerability and Mistrust: How Context, Information and Government Affect the Lives of Women in Times of Zika

Arias

Roura

Siqueira

2020

Preprint

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Background The public health response to Zika outbreak has mostly focused on epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and individual level preventative measures. This qualitative study employs a social-ecological framework to examine how macro (historical, legislative, political, socio-economic factors), meso (sources of information, social support, social mobilization) and micro level factors ( i ndividual actions, behavioral changes) interacted to influence the response and behavior of women with respect to Zika in different contexts. Methods A qualitative study was carried out. Women were recruited through the snowball sampling technique from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. They were of different nationalities and ethnicities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Women in this study deemed the information provided as insufficient, which led them to actively reach out and access a variety of media sources. Social networks played a vital role in sharing information but also resulted in the spread of hoaxes or rumors. Participants in our research perceived socio-economic inequities but focused on how to remedy their microenvironments. They did not engage in major social activities. Lack of trust in governments placed women in vulnerable situations by preventing them to follow the guidance of health authorities. These impacts were also a result of the response tactics of health and government administrations in their failed attempts to ensure the well-being of their countries’ populations. Conclusions Our findings call for a broad spectrum of public health interventions that go beyond individual level behavioral change campaigns, to more comprehensively address the broader meso and macro level factors that influence womens’ willingness and possibility to protect themselves. Key words : Zika, women, social determinants, information, public health, maternal and child health

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HIV Testing and Counseling Among Female Sex Workers: A Systematic Literature Review

Cited by 65 publications

References 59 publications

Solidarity, vulnerability and mistrust: how context, information and government affect the lives of women in times of Zika

Solidarity, vulnerability and mistrust: how context, information and government affect the lives of women in times of Zika

HIV testing coverage among female sex workers, Brazil, 2016

Solidarity, Vulnerability and Mistrust: How Context, Information and Government Affect the Lives of Women in Times of Zika

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