HIV-related behavioral risk factors among older female sex workers in Guangxi, China

Shen, Zhiyong; Zhang, Chen; Li, Xiaoming; Su, Shaobing; Cui, Yan; Zhou, Yuejiao; Tang, Zhenzhu

doi:10.1080/09540121.2014.913764

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…First, estimated HIV risk was higher for FSWs aged 22 and older. This finding is consistent with previous research that associated older female sex workers’ age with higher rates of infectious diseases including HIV [17, 18]. This finding can be explained by the fact that older women could simply have a longer exposure to risky behaviors since a considerable number of Ukrainian FSWs do not use condoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Correlates of HIV and Inconsistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Ukraine

Iakunchykova

Burlaka

2016

AIDS Behav

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While female sex workers (FSWs) carry one of the highest risks of HIV transmission, little is known about predictors of HIV and risky behavior of FSWs in Ukraine. In this study of 4806 Ukrainian FSWs, the prevalence of HIV was 5.6 %. FSWs had higher odds to be HIV infected if they had lower income, were older, injected drugs, experienced violence, and solicited clients on highways. Inconsistent condom use with clients was reported by 34.5 % of FSWs. FSWs who solicited clients at railway stations, via media, through previous clients and other FSWs, and on highways reported lower consistency of condom use. Furthermore, inconsistent condom use was related to younger age, alcohol use, having fewer clients, not being covered with HIV prevention, and experiences of violence. The present study expands on the rather limited knowledge of correlates of the HIV and inconsistent con-dom use among FSWs in Ukraine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Older age was another factor associated with higher prevalence of HIV, syphilis infections, unprotected sex, and injection drug use [17, 18]. Furthermore, low-tier FSWs with lower formal education levels were the more vulnerable for acquiring and transmitting HIV, HCV, and syphilis [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of HIV and Inconsistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Ukraine

Iakunchykova

Burlaka

2016

AIDS Behav

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“…Women who grew up in resource-poor settings usually lacked opportunities of education and skills training. Without job-related skills, these women may lack the opportunities to find alternative jobs and engage in sex work for their livelihood and to support their families [2,13,15,16]. With little or no formal education and few alternative employment opportunities, they tend to continue sex work for a longer duration [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have indicated that there is a variation of HIV risk behaviours among FSWs in different age groups [10,11]. The available evidence suggests that older age (≥ 35 years) is a potent predictor of HIV, syphilis, and risk behaviours among FSWs [2,12,13]. Older FSWs are considered as disadvantaged groups compared to their younger FSWs in the competitive sex world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High risk for HIV, syphilis, and risk behaviours among older female sex workers in Nepal

Kakchapati¹,

Shrestha²,

Sittichai³

et al. 2017

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction:Older age is strong predictor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and risk behaviours among female sex workers (FSWs). Prior research suggests that age differences are very variable; HIV was higher among older FSWs. This study compares HIV, syphilis, and risk behaviours among younger and older FSWs of Nepal. Material and methods:We conducted secondary analysis of Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS) surveys among FSWs from 2004 to 2016. Bivariate analysis using χ 2 tests and multi variate logistic regression models were used to assess differences of HIV, syphilis, and risk behaviours among younger and older FSWs. Results:The study comprised 17.6% FSWs aged 35 years or older. HIV prevalence was 1.7% for the entire group of FSWs, with 2.3% among older FSWs and 1.5% among younger FSWs. The older FSWs were married and separated, had lower education levels, had longer duration of sex work, worked on the streets, and had inconsistent condom used with clients than younger FSWs (p < 0.05). Younger FSWs were also at high risk because of a higher number of sexual partners and working days, pervasive alcohol consumption, and use of drugs (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that older FSWs were more street-based (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.8-2.4), have inconsistent condom use with clients (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4-2.1) and had higher syphilis rates (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.5) than younger FSWs. Conclusions:Older FSWs practice higher risk behaviour and have higher syphilis prevalence. HIV and STI prevention interventions among targeting FSWs should consider risks and vulnerability of older FSWs.

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“…Younger FSWs enter the sex trade at a younger age and typically do not have the financial burden of supporting a family. [7][8][9] In fact, after younger FSWs make enough money they usually quit the sex industry in their 30s to open small private businesses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Egocentric Network and Condom Use Among Mid-Age Female Sex Workers in China: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis

Liu

2016

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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The epidemics of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have spread among older adults in the world, including China. This study addresses the deficiency of studies about the multiple contextual influences on condom use among mid-age female sex workers (FSWs) over 35 years old. A combination of an egocentric network design and multilevel modeling was used to investigate factors of condom use over mid-age FSWs (egos) particular relationships with sexual partners (alters). Of the 1245 mid-age FSWs interviewed, 73% (907) reported having at least one sexual partner who would provide social support to egos. This generated a total of 1300 ego-alter sex ties in egos' support networks. Condoms were consistently used among one-third of sex ties. At the ego level, condoms were more likely to be used consistently if egos received a middle school education or above, had stronger perceived behavioral control for condom use, or consistently used condoms with other sex clients who were not in their support networks. At the alter level, condoms were not consistently used over spousal ties compared to other ties. Condoms were less likely to be used among alters whom ego trusted and provided emotional support. Cross-level factors (egos' attitudes toward condom use and emotional support from alters) documented a significant positive interaction on consistent condom use. Given the low frequency of condom use, future interventions should focus on mid-age FSWs and their partners within and beyond their support networks.

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HIV-related behavioral risk factors among older female sex workers in Guangxi, China

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Correlates of HIV and Inconsistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Ukraine

Correlates of HIV and Inconsistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Ukraine

High risk for HIV, syphilis, and risk behaviours among older female sex workers in Nepal

Egocentric Network and Condom Use Among Mid-Age Female Sex Workers in China: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis

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