HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject drugs in Two Serial Cross-Sectional Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys, Zanzibar 2007 and 2012

Matiko, Eva; Khatib, Ahmed; Khalid, Farhat Jowhar; Welty, Susie; Said, Christen; Ali, Ameir; Othman, Asha; Haji, Shaaban; Kibona, Mary; Kim, Andrea A.; Broz, Dita; Dahoma, Mohammed

doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0929-2

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The results of this study confirm that the use of intravenous drugs is a pressing issue in Benin and that IDUs continue to be at higher risk for HIV infection [22,23]. Nevertheless, our findings also indicate that, between 2013 and 2015 the infection rate among IDUs dropped by 30%, falling from 6.7% to 4.7%.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 77%

Evaluating the Determinants and Prevalence of HIV among Intravenous Drug Users in Benin

Hessou¹,

Ahanhanzo²,

Yadouléton³

et al. 2018

ujph

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HIV remains a serious global health problem. In Benin, intravenous drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk for HIV infection and are one of the groups the National AIDS Control Council (CNLS) has focused on in its strategic planning. The present study was conducted to estimate the rate of HIV prevalence among IDUs in Benin and identify potential risk factors. To this end, the 2013 and 2015 directives issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) regarding Second generation surveillance were followed. In total, 386 IDUs participated in the study from all departments of Benin, 3.1% of them were women. The average age of participants was 35 (±10.7). The median length of time that participants had been using drugs was 10 years (range: 0-45) and cocaine was the most frequently consumed substance (56.0%). During their last injection, 90.9% of respondents used sterile injecting equipment. The HIV prevalence rate among IDUs was 4.7% (95% CI: 2.63%-7.11%), compared to 1.2% within the general population. The results of this study highlight the need to implement continual HIV surveillance systems and develop prevention tools that specifically address the needs of IDUs.

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 77%

Evaluating the Determinants and Prevalence of HIV among Intravenous Drug Users in Benin

Hessou¹,

Ahanhanzo²,

Yadouléton³

et al. 2018

ujph

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show abstract

“…Another study done in Mwanza, northwestern Tanzania, in 2014 also reported low condom use in this population; additionally, the study found that more than half of the participants were sharing needles and use illicit drugs during sex [ 39 ]. Needle sharing, multiple sexual partners, and low condom use were also reported in a survey done in Zanzibar [ 38 ]. Screening for HIV and other STIs was found to be low in this population in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar [ 17 , 38 ].…”

Section: Risky Behaviors Among the Key Populationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Needle sharing, multiple sexual partners, and low condom use were also reported in a survey done in Zanzibar [ 38 ]. Screening for HIV and other STIs was found to be low in this population in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar [ 17 , 38 ]. The role of STIs in increasing HIV transmission has been studied previously; despite some trials showing no effect in HIV transmission, most studies have shown that STIs, especially ulcerative ones, increase the risk of HIV transmission [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Risky Behaviors Among the Key Populationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

HIV Epidemic in Tanzania: The Possible Role of the Key Populations

Mpondo

Gunda

Kilonzo

2017

AIDS Research and Treatment

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HIV remains a public health concern in Tanzania and other Eastern and Southern African countries. Estimates show that there were about 1.4 million people living with HIV in Tanzania in the year 2013. HIV is a generalized epidemic in Tanzania with heterosexual transmission being the main route of transmission. Recently, however, there has been growing concern on the potential role of the key populations in HIV epidemic in the country. Studies done have shown significantly higher HIV prevalence in these populations compared to the general population. These studies have also reported high risky behaviors among members of these populations. This review aims at discussing the possible role of the key populations in the HIV epidemic in Tanzania.

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“…Adverse health outcomes among PWID are further intensified by punitive legal environments, a variety of human rights abuses and poor access to services [6, 7]. Few harm reduction programs and PWID-specific HIV prevention, care and treatment services are available in sub-Saharan Africa [8–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity among people who injected drugs: results of the first bio-behavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling in two urban areas in Mozambique

Baltazar

Horth²,

Boothe

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundFew countries in sub-Saharan Africa know the magnitude of their HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID). This was the first study in Mozambique to measure prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV, and to assess demographic characteristics and risk behaviors in this key population.MethodsWe used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to conduct a cross-sectional behavioral surveillance survey of PWID in two cities of Mozambique lasting six months. Participants were persons who had ever injected drugs without a prescription. Participants completed a behavioral questionnaire and provided blood specimens for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) testing. We performed RDS-adjusted analysis in R 3.2 using RDSAT 7.1 weights.ResultsWe enrolled 353 PWID in Maputo and 139 in Nampula/Nacala; approximately 95% of participants were men. Disease prevalence in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala, respectively, was 50.1 and 19.9% for HIV, 32.1 and 36.4% for HBsAg positivity, and 44.6 and 7.0% for anti-HCV positivity. Additionally, 8% (Maputo) and 28.6% (Nampula/Nacala) of PWID reported having a genital sore or ulcer in the 12 months preceding the survey. Among PWID who injected drugs in the last month, 50.3% (Maputo) and 49.6% (Nampula/Nacala) shared a needle at least once that month. Condomless sex in the last 12 months was reported by 52.4% of PWID in Maputo and 29.1% in Nampula/Nacala. Among PWID, 31.6% (Maputo) and 41.0% (Nampula/Nacala) had never tested for HIV. In multivariable analysis, PWID who used heroin had 4.3 (Maputo; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 18.2) and 2.3 (Nampula/Nacala; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9) greater odds of having HIV.ConclusionUnsafe sexual behaviors and injection practices are frequent among PWID in Mozambique, and likely contribute to the disproportionate burden of disease we found. Intensified efforts in prevention, care, and treatment specific for PWID have the potential to limit disease transmission.

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HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject drugs in Two Serial Cross-Sectional Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys, Zanzibar 2007 and 2012

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluating the Determinants and Prevalence of HIV among Intravenous Drug Users in Benin

Evaluating the Determinants and Prevalence of HIV among Intravenous Drug Users in Benin

HIV Epidemic in Tanzania: The Possible Role of the Key Populations

High prevalence of HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity among people who injected drugs: results of the first bio-behavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling in two urban areas in Mozambique

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