HIV and Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in Latin America

Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda; Rı́o, Carlos del; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Sierra‐Madero, Juan

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000261

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Renal disease although reported in a few cases (0.6%), seems to be higher than in the general population where official data is not available, but may be related to antiretroviral therapy associated renal dysfunction 26. In the same sense, it is well known that due to the renal compromise, parathyroid hormone is higher and osteoporosis develops,27 then national treatment guidelines require PLVH get a DXA yearly 16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

<p>Increased incidences of noninfectious comorbidities among aging populations living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ecuador: a multicenter retrospective analysis</p>

Hernández

Barzallo

Beltrán

et al. 2019

HIV

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Introduction: Besides the well-known increased risk of developing HIV-related infectious comorbidities; compared with the general population, people living with HIV (PLHIV) may also have an increased risk of developing noninfectious comorbidities (NICMs). This is the first study intended to determine the NICMs rates affecting PLHIV who were under cART regimen in Ecuador. Methods: A total of 503 HIV-positive patients were evaluated during the period June 2015-November 2016 and included in a multicenter retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in seven main government and nongovernment community-based hospitals in Ecuador. Results: The average age of the participants was 39.2±11.9 years old and the majority of them were male (67.2%). The average age at HIV diagnosis was 34.1 years old and cART in average was started 15.9 months after HIV-diagnosis. Recruited patients were receiving cART for an average of 59.2±40.2 months. Only 9.9% (n=50) of the patients did not show any NICMs. Diabetes and pre-diabetes was found in 6% (n=30) and 16.3% (n=82) patients, respectively; however, dyslipidemia and overweight/obesity was frequent, as they affected 41.4% (n=208) and 36.4% (n=183) patients, respectively. Sixty patients (11.9%) were diagnosed with depression and 28.2% (n=142) of the studied subjects were found to have other NICMs. Conclusion: Prevalence of NICMs among subjects under cART was greater than that reported among the Ecuadorian general population, therefore specific public health actions are required to make patients aware of and prevent NICMs among PLHIV in Ecuador.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

<p>Increased incidences of noninfectious comorbidities among aging populations living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ecuador: a multicenter retrospective analysis</p>

Hernández

Barzallo

Beltrán

et al. 2019

HIV

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“…Various studies, including studies conducted in Brazil, have shown an increase in cardiovascular disease as a cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS [5] , [25] – [27] . The impact of cardiovascular disease can be greater in patients with HIV/AIDS than in the general population [27] , [28] , principally because of the use of antiretroviral therapy (particularly protease inhibitors), which can contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction and lipodystrophy, or because of the effects of HIV infection itself [29] – [32] . In the present study, ischemic heart disease accounted for half of the deaths from cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Death among People Living with AIDS in the Pre- and Post-HAART Eras in the City of São Paulo, Brazil

Domingues

Waldman

2014

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveWe examine the trend in causes of death among people living with AIDS in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in the periods before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and we investigate potential disparities across districts of residence.MethodsDescriptive study of three periods: pre-HAART (1991–1996); early post-HAART (1997–1999); and late post-HAART (2000–2006). The data source was the São Paulo State STD/AIDS Program and São Paulo State Data Analysis Foundation. Causes of death were classified by the ICD-9 (1991–1995) and ICD-10 (1996–2006). We estimated age-adjusted mortality rates for leading underlying causes of death and described underlying and associated causes of death according to sociodemographic characteristics and area of residence. We used Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to compare categorical variables. Areas of residence were categorized using a socioeconomic index. To analyze trends we apply generalized linear model with Poisson regression.ResultsWe evaluated 32,808 AIDS-related deaths. Between the pre- and late post-HAART periods, the proportion of deaths whose underlying causes were non-AIDS-related diseases increased from 0.2% to 9.6% (p<0.001): from 0.01% to 1.67% (p<0.001) for cardiovascular diseases; 0.01% to 1.62% (p<0.001) for bacterial/unspecified pneumonia; and 0.03% to 1.46% (p<0.001) for non-AIDS-defining cancers. In the late post-HAART period, the most common associated causes of death were bacterial/unspecified pneumonia (35.94%), septicemia (33.46%), cardiovascular diseases (10.11%) and liver diseases (8.0%); and common underlying causes, besides AIDS disease, included non-AIDS-defining cancers in high-income areas, cardiovascular diseases in middle-income areas and assault in low-income areas.ConclusionsThe introduction of HAART has shifted the mortality profile away from AIDS-related conditions, suggesting changes in the pattern of morbidity, but heterogeneously according to area of residence. There is a need for public policies aimed at adapting health care services to address the new scenario.

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“…While the frequency of NCDs among aging PLWHIV has been extensively studied in the USA, Europe, and Africa [4][5][6][18][19][20], few studies have addressed this emerging problem in Latin America [21][22][23][24][25]. Published data from single-center cohorts of people older than 50 receiving care for HIV in Mexico and Brazil found high prevalence of (DM, 20-22%), HTN (33-62%), dyslipidemia in Mexico (57%), and chronic liver (25%) and kidney disease (16%) in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of non-communicable diseases in people 50 years of age and older receiving HIV care in Latin America

et al. 2020

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HIV and Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in Latin America

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

<p>Increased incidences of noninfectious comorbidities among aging populations living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ecuador: a multicenter retrospective analysis</p>

<p>Increased incidences of noninfectious comorbidities among aging populations living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ecuador: a multicenter retrospective analysis</p>

Causes of Death among People Living with AIDS in the Pre- and Post-HAART Eras in the City of São Paulo, Brazil

Frequency of non-communicable diseases in people 50 years of age and older receiving HIV care in Latin America

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