History, Origin, and Evolution

Gupta, S. K.; Pratap, Aditya

doi:10.1016/s0065-2296(07)45001-7

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was formed~7500 years ago by allopolyploidy between ancestors of B. rapa and B. oleracea, with cultivation recorded in Europe during the Middle Ages (Chalhoub et al, 2014). Rapeseed was originally the major source for lamp oil in Europe by the 16th century, although it was also used as edible oil by poor people (Gupta and Pratap, 2007;Snowdon et al, 2007). Earlier unimproved rapeseed cultivars usually contained about 50% erucic acid in oil and 60-100 lmol/g glucosinolate in meal (Snowdon et al, 2007;Wittkop et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of the genetic architecture of three seed‐quality traits and consequences for breeding in Brassica napus

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryGenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) combining high‐throughput genome resequencing and phenotyping can accelerate the dissection of genetic architecture and identification of genes for plant complex traits. In this study, we developed a rapeseed genomic variation map consisting of 4 542 011 SNPs and 628 666 INDELs. GWAS was performed for three seed‐quality traits, including erucic acid content (EAC), glucosinolate content (GSC) and seed oil content (SOC) using 3.82 million polymorphisms in an association panel. Six, 49 and 17 loci were detected to be associated with EAC, GSC and SOC in multiple environments, respectively. The mean total contribution of these loci in each environment was 94.1% for EAC and 87.9% for GSC, notably higher than that for SOC (40.1%). A high correlation was observed between phenotypic variance and number of favourable alleles for associated loci, which will contribute to breeding improvement by pyramiding these loci. Furthermore, candidate genes were detected underlying associated loci, based on functional polymorphisms in gene regions where sequence variation was found to correlate with phenotypic variation. Our approach was validated by detection of well‐characterized FAE1 genes at each of two major loci for EAC on chromosomes A8 and C3, along with MYB28 genes at each of three major loci for GSC on chromosomes A9, C2 and C9. Four novel candidate genes were detected by correlation between GSC and SOC and observed sequence variation, respectively. This study provides insights into the genetic architecture of three seed‐quality traits, which would be useful for genetic improvement of B. napus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of the genetic architecture of three seed‐quality traits and consequences for breeding in Brassica napus

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…dichotoma (Hanelt and Büttner, 2001). Beyond the difficulties of taxonomically grouping numerous intraspecific varieties, the failure to recognize distinctions among parent lines can sometimes lead to seeds of different species being mixed together in germplasm collections, which further complicates taxonomic assignment of Brassica crops (Gupta and Pratap, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships in a Diverse Panel of Brassica rapa L.

Bird

Gazave

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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The crop species Brassica rapa L. has significant economic importance around the world. However, the global distribution and complex evolutionary history of the species has made investigating its genetic population structure difficult. Crop domestication and improvement has resulted in extreme phenotypic diversity and subspecies that are used for oilseed, food for human consumption, and fodder for livestock. These subspecies include the oilseed morphotypes. oleifera (turnip rape), ssp. dichotoma (brown sarson/toria), ssp. trilocularis (yellow sarson); ssp. rapa (turnip); and Asian leafy vegetables ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage), ssp. chinensis (bok choy), ssp. nipposinica (mizuna/mibuna), ssp. rapifera (rapini/broccoli rabe), ssp. narinosa (tatsoi), ssp parachinensis (choy sum), and ssp. perviridis (komatsuna). To date, studies have had insufficient sampling to determine the relationship of all morphotypes, especially oilseed morphotypes, and questions remain over the contribution of morphotype and geographic origin to population structure. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to score 18,272 single nucleotide polymorphism markers in a globally diverse panel of 333 B. rapa National Plant Germplasm System accessions that included 10 recognized subspecies. Our population genetic and phylogenetic analyses were broadly congruent and revealed five subpopulations that were largely reflective of morphotype and geography. These subpopulations were 1. European turnips/oilseed, 2. Asian turnips/oilseed, 3. yellow/brown sarson (ssp. trilocularis and ssp. dichotoma), 4. Chinese cabbage (ssp. pekinensis), and 5. bok choy, choy sum, and tatsoi (ssp. chinensis, ssp. parachinensis, ssp. narinosa). Additionally, we found evidence of polyphyly and/or paraphyly, particularly for oilseed morphotypes (ssp. oleifera and ssp. dichotoma) and turnips. The results of this study have provided improved resolution to the genetic and phylogenetic relationships of subspecies within the species B. rapa. Understanding of these relationships is key to the future genetic study and improvement of this globally important crop species.

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“…For instance, the high level of erucic acids and glucosinolates in rapeseed was successfully removed by conventional breeding in 1970s, and now rapeseed has become the third most important source of vegetable oils in the world (Gupta and Pratap 2007). While this conventional breeding relies chiefly on natural variation in a gene of interest, physical or chemical mutagens have been used to generate random crop variants.…”

Section: Crop Improvement Using Genome-editing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Genome Editing for Crop Improvement

Kim

2015

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Crop improvement is essential to attaining world food security and enhancing nutrition for human beings. Both conventional breeding and modern molecular breeding have contributed to increased crop production and quality. However, the time and resources for breeding practices have been limited. It takes a long time to bring a novel improved crop to the market, and the genetic sources from wild species cannot be always available for crops of our interests. Genome editing technology implemented molecular breeding can overcome those limitations of time and resource by facilitating the specific editing of plant genomes. However, there is a long-lasting argument about the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this review, we briefly summarize the principle of genome editing tools, focusing on the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the application of these tools to plants in the service of crop engineering.

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History, Origin, and Evolution

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Dissection of the genetic architecture of three seed‐quality traits and consequences for breeding in Brassica napus

Dissection of the genetic architecture of three seed‐quality traits and consequences for breeding in Brassica napus

Population Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships in a Diverse Panel of Brassica rapa L.

Targeted Genome Editing for Crop Improvement

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