Historical and critical review of spatial and transport planning in the Netherlands

Residential density change: Densification and urban expansion

“…The Dutch spatial planning system is generally considered to be successful in terms of, for example open space conservation and the provision of land for urban development (Alterman, 1997;Faludi & Van Der Valk, 1994;Mori, 1998), although some criticised its legitimacy and partial effectiveness in, for example, limiting mobility through compact urban development (Alpkokin, 2012;Hajer & Zonneveld, 2000). Large-scale residential development zones (VROM, 1993) are regarded as highly successful in steering urbanisation, since a substantial proportion of the total Dutch housing production in the last two decades was realised at these locations designated by the national spatial planning authorities (Zonneveld & Evers, 2014).…”

Patrones de viaje y problemas de accesibilidad de personas en situación de discapacidad en Tunja

“…La planificación del transporte y el ordenamiento del territorio son áreas en las que se han perfeccionado metodologías poderosas que apoyan el diseño de políticas, al igual que su evaluación, aplicación y seguimiento (Alpkokin, 2012). La manera tradicional de abordar el problema de planificación del transporte supone la representación de tres macro-variables: sistema de transporte, sistema socioeconómico y patrón de flujos.…”

Dutch planning policy: The resurgence of TOD

“…The Dutch tradition of territorial management and transport policy have been highly praised by various commentators for some time (see for example Nathan and Marshall, 2006), although its position and standing is undoubtedly changing due to various reforms that have taken place in recent years (see Alpkokin, 2012), which have had impacts on the scope and operation of planning.…”

“…In the early 1990s, the national government adopted the 'ABC' location policy (Alpkokin, 2012;Schwanen et al, 2004). The underlying concept was simple and straightforward.…”