Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, in situ apoptosis, and ultrastructure characterization of the digestive and lymphoid organs of new type gosling viral enteritis virus experimentally infected gosling

Abstract

Here, for the first time, to colocalize new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) with histological lesions and in situ apoptosis in the digestive organs (esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, cecum, rectum, liver, and pancreas) and the lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, Harderian gland, and spleen) of experimentally infected goslings, portions of tissues were collected at sequential infection time points and examined by histopathology for histological lesions, immunohistochemical staining for viral antigens, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscope (TEM) for virus particles and apoptotic cells, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay for in situ apoptosis. The hyperemia, hemorrhage, infiltration of lymphocytes, progressive lymphoid depletion, apoptosis, and necrosis were readily observed in the lymphoid organs and intestine tract by histopathological examination. The NGVEV particles and viral antigens widely appeared in the small intestine and bursa of Fabricius as early as 2 d postinfection (PI) by TEM and immunohistochemical staining, and the presence and quantity of it reached a maximum during 6 to 12 d PI. The principal sites for NGVEV were endothelial cells, epithelia, mucosal cells, glandular cells, fibrocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. A series of apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and formation of apoptotic body were observed by TEM, and the number of apoptotic cells was largely increased from 4 d PI and peaked at 9 d PI by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling analysis. The histological organ lesions and apoptosis in vivo were generally associated with sites of NGVEV localization, which can be regarded as the cause of death. This work may shed light on the pathogenesis of new type gosling viral enteritis and put new insight into the pathogenesis of goose adenovirus.

Distribution and Location of Endocrine Cells in the Pancreas of the Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus

“…Beta cells are responsible for the secretion and storage of insulin in response to decreased plasma glucose concentrations. Insulin regulates carbohydrate metabolism and has anti-apoptotic effects on pancreatic cells [21] . In common mammalian species, the beta cells are located in the center of the endocrine islets [1,11] .…”

Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and immune function of goose TLR7

“…After acute (5 d PI) or chronic (19 d PI) virus infection, the transcription levels of goose TLR7 were greater during chronic infection than during acute infection in the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, or small intestine. Interestingly, our previous studies suggested that NGVE virus is widely distributed in lymphoid organs, such as the small intestine and bursa of Fabricius [43]. Moreover, goslings infected with NGVEV will develop digestive symptoms and show impaired immune function [44].…”

Chimonanthus nitens Oliv Polysaccharides Modulate Immunity and Gut Microbiota in Immunocompromised Mice

“…The intestinal permeability of the former mice increased, while the bacterial mix in the intestinal microbiome of the latter mice changed and reduced the diversity of fecal bacteria, suggesting that the interaction between the immune system and Lactobacillus may be conservative [69,70]. In addition, there are reports that the significantly increased abundance of Lactobacillus in small bowel transplant, surgical patients, chronic spontaneous urticaria patients, and diabetic patients was also observed [71][72][73][74]. Other studies have found that high-calorie diet causes significant concentrations of 16…”