“…6,8,9 Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a methylxanthine derivative [10][11][12][13] whose molecular formula is C 13 H 18 N 4 O 3 , with a molecular weight of 278.31 Da. PTX is a drug with multiple pharmacologic properties, 14 promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilatation and preventing vascular spasm, 15,16 enhances blood cell flexibility, including erythrocytes, favoring blood flow in peripheral vessels, 9,14,17,18 promotes platelet disaggregation, and increases fibrinolysis, contributing to reduced blood viscosity. 10,14,[18][19][20] PTX modulates the immunologic activity by acting on cytokines, suppresses leukocyte hyperactivity by reducing superoxide release and neutrophil adhesion, 17 inhibits the action of integrin and interleukin 2 (IL-2), preventing lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, 21 and reduces the synthesis of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor a.…”