Hippocrates and tuberculosis

Tm, Daniel; Iversen, Paul A.

doi:10.5588/ijtld.14.0736

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Night sweats were associated with the highest specificity. Indeed, night sweats have generally been considered as a specific symptom for TB though the pathophysiology is poorly understood; [25, 26] night sweats are limited to the upper trunk in TB [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of routine diagnostic work-up for tuberculosis in lung clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cohort study

et al. 2019

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Background Establishing a correct diagnosis is challenging. We aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of routine tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic work-up in lung clinics in Indonesia, a country with the third highest TB burden and the second highest gap between notifications of TB cases and the best estimate of incident cases in the world. Methods In the lung clinics of the Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, we recruited all consecutive patients with symptoms suggesting TB, aged ≥18 years. Routine TB examination consisted of clinical evaluation, sputum smear microscopy, and chest radiography. For research purposes, we added sputum culture, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing, and follow-up for 1.5 years or 2.5 years if culture results disagreed with the initial clinical diagnosis. The initial diagnosis was considered incorrect if patients did not respond to treatment. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of the TB routine examination using culture and a composite reference standard (CRS – a combination of routine examination, culture, and follow-up) as the reference standards. All analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Between 2013 and 2015, we included 360 participants, and 21 were excluded due to incomplete data. Among those analyzed, 115 were initially diagnosed with smear-positive TB, 12 with smear-negative TB, and 212 non-TB. In 15 study participants, the diagnosis was changed after median 45 (range: 14–870) days; 14 participants initially not diagnosed with TB were later diagnosed with TB, while one subject initially diagnosed with TB actually did not have TB. Compared with culture and CRS, TB routine examination had sensitivity of 85% (95%CI: 77–91) and 90% (95%CI: 84–94), and specificity of 86.3% (95%CI: 81–91) and 99.5% (95%CI: 97–100), respectively. Conclusions A combination of clinical evaluation with sputum microscopy and chest radiography provided high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing TB in lung clinics; in only 4.4% the diagnosis was incorrect. There is a need to improve routine TB diagnostic work by using clinical evaluation, sputum smear microscopy, and chest radiography all together in other settings, such as in primary health centers. Trial registration NCT02219945 , clinicaltrials.gov . Registered 19 August 2014 (retrospectively registered).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of routine diagnostic work-up for tuberculosis in lung clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cohort study

et al. 2019

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“…[3]. Around 460 B.C., Hippocrates (Figure 1) recognized TB as a frequently fatal disease, warning doctors against treating citizens suffering from late stage TB, as their inevitable deaths could ruin their reputation [4].…”

Section: Age Of Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Tuberculosis: Past, Present, and Future

Prabhu¹,

Singh²

2019

AiM

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Tuberculosis (TB), transmitted by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a global epidemic for years. The evidence for infection with TB is centuries old. It can have an indolent course, and may remain inactive for years in individuals with the possibility of reactivation at any time, causing widespread systemic symptoms. The treatment and management of TB has become more effective over the years. It is estimated that more than one-third of the world population, especially in poor and developing countries are harboring this bacterium with varying manifestations of the disease from no symptoms to life-threatening infections. This manuscript describes the history of the disease and the discoveries. It also includes the recent advances and challenges facing the world and how governments and organizations are working together to control this disease.

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“…Inside Corpus Hippocraticum a lethal infection of the lungs was mentioned, named pulmonary phthisis (Greek: φθίση), the terminal illness known as phymatiosis (Greek: φυματίωση, phyma=unnatural tumour, a cyst full of fluids) [1,29]. According to the Hippocratic views, there were three types of tuberculosis, a) The first derived from the phlegm.…”

Section: Pulmonary Phymatiosis (Tuberculosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocrates, on the Infection of the Lower Respiratory Tract among the General Population in Ancient Greece

Tsoucalas¹,

Σγάντζος²

2016

Gen Med

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Hippocrates and his followers, confronted with the infection of the lower respiratory tract, having understood that pulmonary diseases had a high rate of prevalence and mortality among the general population of the ancient Greek communities. He had used the "four humours theory" to explain its origin. Our study, reviewed Corpus Hippocraticum, in order to synthesize various fragments of different works, to compose the hallmarks in bronchiolitis, pleurisy, peripneumonia, pneumonia with their lethal complication empyema and to present the fatal lung infection, the pulmonary phthisis (tuberculosis). Vivid descriptions of the symptomatology were given, alongside with the efforts for treatment. Hippocrates was the first to use comparative hearing of both lungs, and the physician who have established thoracocentesis for the empyema's drainage, combined with parenteric nutrition and endotracheal intubation.

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Hippocrates and tuberculosis

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitivity and specificity of routine diagnostic work-up for tuberculosis in lung clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cohort study

Sensitivity and specificity of routine diagnostic work-up for tuberculosis in lung clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cohort study

The History of Tuberculosis: Past, Present, and Future

Hippocrates, on the Infection of the Lower Respiratory Tract among the General Population in Ancient Greece

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