The History of Tuberculosis: Past, Present, and Future

Prabhu, Rohan; Singh, Vinodkumar

doi:10.4236/aim.2019.911059

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Diphtheria (caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae) had reached epidemic levels in 1880, and the death toll had risen substantially; the average case fatality ratio had risen to more than 50%, with the bulk of the victims being children [26,27]. By the 1900s, TB (tuberculosis), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, had spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America; this infection has always been liked to a high mortality rate, and Koch stated in 1901 to the British Tuberculosis Congress that "there is no disease which inflicts such deep wounds on mankind as this" [28][29][30]. Interestingly, the 1918 viral pandemic (Spanish flu), which killed over 50 million people, was discovered to be associated with a lethal bacterial pneumonia, as many contemporaneous scientists observed.…”

Section: The Pre-antibiotic Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Abdallah,

Alhatlani,

de Paula Menezes

et al. 2023

Plants

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Undoubtedly, the advent of antibiotics in the 19th century had a substantial impact, increasing human life expectancy. However, a multitude of scientific investigations now indicate that we are currently experiencing a phase known as the post-antibiotic era. There is a genuine concern that we might regress to a time before antibiotics and confront widespread outbreaks of severe epidemic diseases, particularly those caused by bacterial infections. These investigations have demonstrated that epidemics thrive under environmental stressors such as climate change, the depletion of natural resources, and detrimental human activities such as wars, conflicts, antibiotic overuse, and pollution. Moreover, bacteria possess a remarkable ability to adapt and mutate. Unfortunately, the current development of antibiotics is insufficient, and the future appears grim unless we abandon our current approach of generating synthetic antibiotics that rapidly lose their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Despite their vital role in modern medicine, medicinal plants have served as the primary source of curative drugs since ancient times. Numerous scientific reports published over the past three decades suggest that medicinal plants could serve as a promising alternative to ineffective antibiotics in combating infectious diseases. Over the past few years, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids have exhibited noteworthy antibacterial potential, primarily through membrane-disruption mechanisms, protein binding, interference with intermediary metabolism, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activity. However, to optimize their utilization as effective antibacterial drugs, further advancements in omics technologies and network pharmacology will be required in order to identify optimal combinations among these compounds or in conjunction with antibiotics.

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Section: The Pre-antibiotic Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Abdallah,

Alhatlani,

de Paula Menezes

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Humans have suffered from tuberculosis (TB) for centuries, making it one of the oldest known diseases caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Despite its long history, TB continues to pose a major global health threat in the 21st century [1]. Looking at the global achievement thus far, the modest reduction of 10% in TB incidence and 5.9% in TB‐related death in 2021 compared to 2015 is worrisome [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, predictors and consequences of tuberculosis treatment interruption: A multicentre retrospective cohort study

Oh,

Makmor‐Bakry,

Islahudin

et al. 2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesTreatment interruption is associated with poor tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and increased drug resistance. To address the issue, we aimed to investigate the characteristics, predictors and consequences of treatment interruption.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study by retrieving 4 years (2018–2021) of TB patients' records at 10 public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia. Adult patients (≥18 years) with drug‐susceptible TB were selected. Treatment interruption was defined as ≥2 weeks of cumulative interruption during treatment. The Chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyse the data, with p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of 2953 eligible patients, 475 (16.1%) experienced TB treatment interruption. Interruptions were most frequent during the intensive phase (46.9%, n = 223), with the greatest risk within the first 4 weeks of treatment. The median time to interruption was 2 weeks in the intensive phase and the cumulative interruption probability at the end of the intensive phase was 12.9%. Notably, treatment interruption occurred during both intensive and continuation phases for 144 patients (30.3%), while the remaining 108 (22.7%) experienced interruptions only during the continuation phase with a median time to interruption of 16 weeks. Three predictors were identified to increase the risk of treatment interruption: adverse drug reaction (aHR = 8.53, 95% Cl: 6.73–10.82), smoking (aHR = 2.67, 95% Cl: 2.03–3.53) and illicit drug use (aHR = 1.88, 95% Cl: 1.03–3.45). Conversely, underlying diabetes was associated with a reduced likelihood of treatment interruption (aHR = 0.72, 95% Cl: 0.58–0.90). Treatment interruption led to significant differences in treatment restarts (62.3% vs. 0.7%), changes in medications (47.8% vs. 4.9%), prolonged treatment duration (247 days [IQR = 105] vs. 194 days [IQR = 44.3]) and lower successful outcomes (86.5% vs. 99.9%).ConclusionUnderstanding the temporal characteristics, predictors and negative consequences of treatment interruption can guide the development of time‐relevant approaches to mitigate the problem.

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Potential targets in quest for new antitubercular drugs: Implications of computational approaches for end-TB strategy

Khusro¹,

Aarti²,

Elghandour

et al. 2021

A Mechanistic Approach to Medicines for Tuberculosis Nanotherapy

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The History of Tuberculosis: Past, Present, and Future

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Characteristics, predictors and consequences of tuberculosis treatment interruption: A multicentre retrospective cohort study

Potential targets in quest for new antitubercular drugs: Implications of computational approaches for end-TB strategy

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