Highly stable Ru nanoparticles incorporated in mesoporous carbon catalysts for production of γ-valerolactone

Liu, Xiaoyan; Lan, Guojun; Su, Panpan; Qian, Ling-Bo; Reina, Tomás Ramírez; Wang, Liang; Li, Ying; Liu, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.039

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It can assist the loading process of active catalyst species, facilitate good reactant transport, and expand the temperature range in reaction applications. It is known that mesoporous carbon can be impregnated well with various types of metals for multiple applications such as Ag [19][20], Pd [20], Ni [21][22], Co [23], Ru [24], and Cu [25]. In addition, mesoporous carbon is also a potential material to be used as a CO2 adsorbent [26][27].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Impregnated Mesoporous Carbon as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phenylacetylene Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide

et al. 2020

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound that can potentially be used as a carbon source in the synthesis of fine chemicals. However, the utilization of CO2 is still constrained due to its inert and stable nature. Therefore, the presence of a catalyst is needed in CO2 conversion. This study aims to synthesize copper impregnated mesoporous carbon (Cu/MC) as a catalyst for phenylacetylene carboxylation reaction with CO2 to produce phenylpropiolic acid. The synthesis of mesoporous carbon was performed via the soft template method. The as-synthesized Cu/MC material was characterized by FTIR, SAA, XRD, and SEM-EDX. BET surface area analysis of mesoporous carbon showed that the material has a high surface area of 405.8 m2/g with an average pore diameter of 7.2 nm. XRD pattern of Cu/MC indicates that Cu has been successfully impregnated in the form of Cu(0) and Cu(I). Phenylacetylene carboxylation reaction with CO2 was carried out by varying reaction temperatures (25, 50, and 75 °C), amount of catalyst (28.6, 57.2, and 85.8 mg), type of base (Cs2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2CO3), and variation of support. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by HPLC and showed that the highest phenylacetylene conversion of 41% was obtained for the reaction at 75 °C using Cs2CO3 as a base.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Impregnated Mesoporous Carbon as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phenylacetylene Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide

et al. 2020

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“…The structures of mC‐RT and mC‐RT‐I/B were determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of mC‐RT and mC‐RT‐I/B both featured two broad peaks located at 22.1 and 44.8°, which were assigned to the (002) and (100) crystal planes of amorphous carbon, respectively (Figure S4B) [29] . As shown in Figure S4C, a D band at 1370 cm −1 and a G band at 1605 cm −1 were observed in the Raman spectra of both mC‐RT and mC‐RT‐I/B, which corresponded to the sp 3 hybridized carbon and sp 2 hybridized carbon, respectively, of the porous carbon materials [30] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Na/K Alloy Interfacial Synthesis of Functional Porous Carbon at Ambient Temperature

et al. 2022

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The functional groups in porous carbon generally suffer a severe loss during the high‐temperature carbonization. Instead, the low‐temperature synthesis of carbon featuring porous structures and abundant functional groups is not only a solution that evades the pitfalls of pyrolysis but also is of significance for the development of synthetic methodology. Herein, a liquid metal interfacial engineering strategy is reported for the synthesis of porous carbon using CCl4 as the carbon precursor and sodium‐potassium alloy (NaK) as the reducing agent, which is superior to traditional synthetic methods because it enables the engineering of a highly active liquid metal alloy microemulsion to directly generate porous carbon at ambient temperature. As synthesized porous carbon featured abundant carbon‐chlorine bonds can be tandem‐grafted with imidazole and 1,2‐dibromoethane to achieve a CO2 cycloaddition catalyst, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity, in addition to exceptional stability.

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“…[ 27–29 ] The catalytic performance of LA hydrogenation to GVL was evaluated in water under mild conditions (70 °C and 4 MPa H 2 pressure). [ 30 ] The contact angel results demonstrated a good hydrophilicity for all three catalysts (Figure S5, Supporting Information). As shown in Table 1, LA can be selectively (>99%) converted to GVL by all the catalysts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first desorption peak at 112 °C was attributed to adsorbed CO 2 , [ 32,33 ] and the second one (403 °C) was assigned to the thermal decomposition of lactone groups (the lactone group was introduced by SiO 2 etching process). [ 30,34 ] Next, the interaction of pyridine and levulinic acid was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 4b and Figure S10. Pyridine was used to model the interaction of pyridinic N with LA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Pyridinic Nitrogen Sites Promoting Levulinic Acid Hydrogenations over Double‐Shelled Hollow Ru/C Nanoreactors

Liu

Lan

et al. 2021

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Nitrogen‐doped nanocarbons are widely used as supports for metal‐heterogeneous catalytic conversions. When nitrogen‐doped nanocarbon supports are used to disperse metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), the nitrogen dopant can enhance MNPs electron density to reach higher catalytic activity and promote MNPs stability through anchoring effects. However, the precise identification of active nitrogen species between N‐dopants and reactants is rarely reported. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept study on the active N species for levulinic acid hydrogenation is reported. A double‐shell structured carbon catalyst (DSC) is designed with selectively locating ultrafine Ru NPs only on inner carbon shell, specifically, different N species on the external carbon shell. Through the design of such a nanostructure, it is demonstrated that the alkaline pyridinic N species on the outer shell serves as an anchor point for the spontaneous binding of the acidic reactant. The pyridinic N content can be modulated from 7.4 to 29.2 mg gcat−1 by selecting different precursors. Finally, the Ru‐DSC‐CTS (using chitosan as the precursor) catalyst achieves a 99% conversion of levulinic acid under 70 °C and 4 MPa hydrogen pressure for 1 h. This work sheds light on the design of nanoreactors at the atomic scale and investigates heterogeneous catalysis at the molecular level.

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Highly stable Ru nanoparticles incorporated in mesoporous carbon catalysts for production of γ-valerolactone

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Impregnated Mesoporous Carbon as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phenylacetylene Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Impregnated Mesoporous Carbon as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phenylacetylene Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide

Liquid Na/K Alloy Interfacial Synthesis of Functional Porous Carbon at Ambient Temperature

Atomic Pyridinic Nitrogen Sites Promoting Levulinic Acid Hydrogenations over Double‐Shelled Hollow Ru/C Nanoreactors

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