Highly sensitive determination and selective immobilization of amoxicillin using carbon ionic liquid electrode

Abstract

Carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was used as a substrate for immobilization and determination of amoxicillin (AMX) in phosphate buffer solution. The electrochemical response of AMX showed an irreversible oxidation peak in the first scan and redox peaks corresponding to the electrooxidation of product in the subsequent scans which gradually grew upon repetitive scanning. Effect of experimental conditions on electrooxidation of AMX and its adsorbed intermediates was investigated, and possible mechanism for strong immobilization is suggested. The electrode response was linear in the concentration range of 5.0 to 400.0 μmol L − 1 AMX with a detection limit of 0.8 μmol L −1 AMX. There was no serious interference from other β-lactam family of antibiotics such as ampicillin and penicillin. The electrode showed good selectivity as well as high sensitivity toward quantification of AMX in pharmaceuticals and urine samples.

Sensitive Voltammetric Amoxicillin Sensor Based on TiO2 Sol Modified by CMK‐3‐type Mesoporous Carbon and Gold Ganoparticles

“…The sensitivity of developed sensor was higher in comparison with large majority of other reported voltammetric and amperometric sensors . Taking into account the detection limit of developed sensor is lower than sensors described in literature . The last parameter–linear response range is comparable or slightly narrower than linear ranges for other electrochemical sensors.…”

“…The proposed sensor was compared to other electrochemical sensors for amoxicillin determination with respect to linear range, sensitivity and limit of detection (Table ). The best analytical parameters were reported for sensors with adsorptive stripping and differential pulse voltammetry detection . However, it is seen that proposed sensor exhibited good analytical parameters.…”

“…Absalan et al . detected AMX in pharmaceuticals and urine samples by means of cyclic voltammetry . Norouzi and Mirkazemi reported on the determination of AMX by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at Cu/poly(o‐toluidine) (sodium dodecyl sulfate) modified carbon paste electrode in pharmaceutical formulations .…”

“…A novel electrochemiluminescence method based on the use of graphite electrode in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide with the low detection limit of 5 · 10 À9 g mL À1 was described [22]. Absalan et al detected AMX in pharmaceuticals and urine samples by means of cyclic voltammetry [23]. Norouzi and Mirkazemi reported on the determination of AMX by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at Cu/poly(o-toluidine) (sodium dodecyl sulfate) modified carbon paste electrode in pharmaceutical formulations [24].…”

Development and Validation of the Simple and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method of Amoxicillin Determination in Tablets using Sulphanilamides

“…3 When choosing the analytical procedure for antibiotics assay, the nature of the samples in which they are determined is a priority. For the determination of AM in biological fluids 6,9,13,15,18 (blood plasma, intestinal fluid, urine), multicomponent drugs, 5,6,[9][10][11] and food products 7,8,12,16 (milk, honey, chicken meat), highly efficient liquid chromatography as well as liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry are used. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] These techniques are expensive, time-consuming and require the use of organic solvent.…”