Highly accurate noncontact water level monitoring using continuous-wave Doppler radar

Wang, Guochao; Gu, Changzhan; Rice, Jeff; Inoue, Takao; Li, Changzhi

doi:10.1109/wisnet.2013.6488620

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The MS5803 module’s drift issue suggests that current off-the-shelf, pressure-based, and low-cost water level sensors do not yet have the long-term durability as their high-end counterparts. Although ultrasonic/radar based water level sensor has already proved its accuracy for large asset monitoring [ 23 , 24 ], it will still be easier to have a pressure-based sensor in the water to monitor the level together with other quality parameters in one setting. The future research of low-cost water depth sensing should focus on reducing the cost of current high-end sensor chips.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrasonic sensor, such as the Arduino compatible sensor HC-SR04 has been recognised as a cheap solution of water level sensing, which can be easily installed on top of the target waterbody such as an open water surface or a rainwater tank [ 22 ]. More recently, the continuous-wave Doppler radar sensor was introduced to achieve millimetre-level accuracy of water level sensing [ 23 ] and has been trialled in urban cities for inundation level detection [ 24 ]. However, the ultrasonic/radar sensing approach is less viable within the urban stormwater context due to: (1) unevenness of concrete walls inside stormwater manhole might, which affect sensor performance due to its wide detection angle; (2) debris carried by flow in urban drains might increase the sensor’s uncertainty; and (3) installation and calibration times of the ultrasonic sensor at each site are too lengthy.…”

Section: Sensor Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Low-Cost Water Depth and Electrical Conductivity Sensor for Detecting Inputs into Urban Stormwater Networks

Shi

Catsamas

Kolotelo

et al. 2021

Sensors

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High-resolution data collection of the urban stormwater network is crucial for future asset management and illicit discharge detection, but often too expensive as sensors and ongoing frequent maintenance works are not affordable. We developed an integrated water depth, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature sensor that is inexpensive (USD 25), low power, and easily implemented in urban drainage networks. Our low-cost sensor reliably measures the rate-of-change of water level without any re-calibration by comparing with industry-standard instruments such as HACH and HORIBA’s probes. To overcome the observed drift of level sensors, we developed an automated re-calibration approach, which significantly improved its accuracy. For applications like monitoring stormwater drains, such an approach will make higher-resolution sensing feasible from the budget control considerations, since the regular sensor re-calibration will no longer be required. For other applications like monitoring wetlands or wastewater networks, a manual re-calibration every two weeks is required to limit the sensor’s inaccuracies to ±10 mm. Apart from only being used as a calibrator for the level sensor, the conductivity sensor in this study adequately monitored EC between 0 and 10 mS/cm with a 17% relative uncertainty, which is sufficient for stormwater monitoring, especially for real-time detection of poor stormwater quality inputs. Overall, our proposed sensor can be rapidly and densely deployed in the urban drainage network for revolutionised high-density monitoring that cannot be achieved before with high-end loggers and sensors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Water Depth and Electrical Conductivity Sensor for Detecting Inputs into Urban Stormwater Networks

Shi

Catsamas

Kolotelo

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, because FMCW radar utilizes a millimeter wave, it has the advantages of low power consumption and small sized packaging [4], [5]. Owing to these properties, FMCW radar has been widely applied in various fields such as automotive control system [6], [7], gesture recognition [8], [9], structure monitoring [10], and waterlevel measurements [11], [12]. In biomedical applications, FMCW has been used for non-contact monitoring of vital signs (respiration and heartbeat) [1], [2], [13]- [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Range Selection of FMCW Radar for Accurate Vital Information Extraction

2021

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Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, which can detect the range and small displacement of a target, has been used for contactless vital information extraction. For accurate vital sign (respiration and heartbeat) measurement, a precise selection of the target range bin, where vital information exists, is important. In this paper, an effective method for selecting the range bin with accurate vital information is proposed. The proposed method is based on the newly introduced magnitude-phase coherency (MPC) index. The experimental results show that the vital information extracted by the proposed method is more accurate than those by conventional methods, indicating that the proposed range bin selection based on MPC is an effective method for extracting accurate respiration and heartbeat rates.

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“…The reflected and received signal is compared with the transmitted signal, while the frequency difference f d is measured corresponding to the time difference t d for the calculation of the measured distance L. The frequency difference may be measured very precisely, and therefore also the measured distance may be determined with a high accuracy (see Fig. 2) (Kim and Lee, 2012;Wang et al, 2013;Mikuš and Harťanský, 2013;Mikuš, Harťanský and Čičáková, 2014).…”

Section: Frequency (Fmcw) Radar Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Metrology and System for Calibration and Verification of the Radar Level Sensors

et al. 2016

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Purpose: The paper deals with the legal metrology that is principally responsible for assuring the uniformity and correctness of measurements and presents the results of the scientific and research work in the cross-disciplinary fields. The design of the new measuring system for the verification of the radar level gauges. Methodology/Approach: The requirements on performing verification of the measuring instruments are changed significantly, especially the requirement for reducing the time necessary for putting the measuring instruments out of service. Slovak legal metrology (SLM) has developed a number of its own systems for verification of the legally controlled measuring instruments. Findings: The paper presents the results of the research activities aimed to refine and improve metrological continuity and metrological control of selected types of measuring instruments. Research Limitation/implication: This paper are based on the theoretical and practical knowledge from the field of metrology, the analysis of the legislative and normative requirements on the measuring instruments metrological assurance, and knowledge gathered during the practical performance of the measuring instruments metrological control. Originality/Value of paper: In the paper, there are presented those results of solving the tasks in the research and development fields that lead to the higher measurement accuracy, and to the elimination of the undesired influences that may occur during a measurement.

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Highly accurate noncontact water level monitoring using continuous-wave Doppler radar

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

A Low-Cost Water Depth and Electrical Conductivity Sensor for Detecting Inputs into Urban Stormwater Networks

A Low-Cost Water Depth and Electrical Conductivity Sensor for Detecting Inputs into Urban Stormwater Networks

Target Range Selection of FMCW Radar for Accurate Vital Information Extraction

Legal Metrology and System for Calibration and Verification of the Radar Level Sensors

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