Higher yields and lower methane emissions with new rice cultivars

Jiang, Yu; Groenigen, Kees Jan van; Huang, Shan; Hungate, Bruce A.; Kessel, Chris van; Hu, Shuijin; Zhang, Jun; Wu, Lianhai; Yan, Xiu-Tian; Wang, Lili; Chen, Jin; Hang, Xiaoning; Zhang, Yi; Horwáth, William R.; Ye, Rongzhong; Linquist, Bruce A.; Song, Zhenwei; Zheng, Chengyan; Deng, Aixing; Zhang, Weijian

doi:10.1111/gcb.13737

Cited by 147 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Elevated CO 2 increased rice root growth and plant biomass in all three experiments (Tables S2-S4), confirming numerous previous studies (van Groenigen et al, 2013;Lou et al, 2008). Larger rice plants stimulate O 2 transport into soils (Jiang et al, 2017;Ma, Qiu, & Lu, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Lower‐than‐expected CH₄ emissions from rice paddies with rising CO₂ concentrations

Qian

Huang

Chen

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) generally increases carbon input in rice paddy soils and stimulates the growth of methane‐producing microorganisms. Therefore, eCO2 is widely expected to increase methane (CH4) emissions from rice agriculture, a major source of anthropogenic CH4. Agricultural practices strongly affect CH4 emissions from rice paddies as well, but whether these practices modulate effects of eCO2 is unclear. Here we show, by combining a series of experiments and meta‐analyses, that whereas eCO2 strongly increased CH4 emissions from paddies without straw incorporation, it tended to reduce CH4 emissions from paddy soils with straw incorporation. Our experiments also identified the microbial processes underlying these results: eCO2 increased methane‐consuming microorganisms more strongly in soils with straw incorporation than in soils without straw, with the opposite pattern for methane‐producing microorganisms. Accounting for the interaction between CO2 and straw management, we estimate that eCO2 increases global CH4 emissions from rice paddies by 3.7%, an order of magnitude lower than previous estimates. Our results suggest that the effect of eCO2 on CH4 emissions from rice paddies is smaller than previously thought and underline the need for judicious agricultural management to curb future CH4 emissions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This mechanism is particularly important in soils with straw addition, where soil CH 4 concentrations are relatively high (Jiang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower‐than‐expected CH₄ emissions from rice paddies with rising CO₂ concentrations

Qian

Huang

Chen

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…An advantage of this linear mixed model is that it can handle many variables together, and makes use of the large number of unsystematic field measurements (Jørgensen and Fath, 2011;Yan et al, 2005a). The results of our previous modeling analysis (Yan et al, 2005a) have been adopted by the 2006 IPCC guidelines as the inventory-based (i.e., Tier 1 and 2 methods) approaches in which a baseline default EF and various scaling factors were estimated (Lasco et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Advantages Of the Statistical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that CH 4 emissions from rice fields have been influenced by water management (Wang et al, 2012;Zou et al, 2005), nitrogen (N) fertilizer use (Banger et al, 2012), organic input (Feng et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013) and rice varieties (Jiang et al, 2017;Watanabe et al, 1995). Using a statistical analysis of a large data set of field measurements, Yan et al (2005a) revealed that the primary factors that control CH 4 emissions were organic amendments, the agroecological zone, water regimes during and before the rice-growing season and soil properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling variables and emission factors of methane from global rice fields

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Rice cultivation has long been known as one of the dominant anthropogenic contributors to methane (CH 4 ) emissions, yet there is still uncertainty when estimating its emissions at the global or regional scale. An increasing number of rice field measurements have been conducted globally, which allow us to reassess the major variables controlling CH 4 emissions and develop region-and countryspecific emission factors (EFs). The results of our statistical analysis show that the CH 4 flux from rice fields was closely related to organic amendments, the water regime during and before the rice-growing season, soil properties and agroecological conditions. The average CH 4 fluxes from fields with single and multiple drainage were 71 % and 55 % that of continuously flooded rice fields. The CH 4 flux from fields that were flooded in the previous season were 2.4 and 2.7 times that of fields previously drained for a short and long season, respectively. Rice straw applied at 6 t ha −1 in the preseason can decrease CH 4 emissions by half when compared to that applied shortly before rice transplanting. The global default EF was estimated to be 1.19 kg CH 4 ha −1 day −1 with a 95 % confidence interval of 0.80 to 1.76 kg CH 4 ha −1 day −1 for continuously flooded rice fields without organic amendment and with a preseason water status of short drainage. The lower EFs were found in countries from South Asia (0.85 kg CH 4 ha −1 day −1 ) and North America (0.65 kg CH 4 ha −1 day −1 ) relative to other regions, indicative of geographical variations at sub-regional and country levels. In conclusion, these findings can provide a sound basis for developing national inventories and mitigation strategies of CH 4 emission from rice fields.

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“…Changes to rice cultivation are farther along, including temporary drainage regimes and cultivar selection. A recent study has shown that higher‐yielding cultivars of rice can increase yield ~10% while reducing CH 4 emissions by a similar amount, potentially through increased oxygen transport through roots to the soil (Jiang et al, ). Within the fossil fuel sector, opportunities for mitigating emissions are already being exploited.…”

Section: The Role Of Atmospheric Ch4 In Achieving Global Climate Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Scientific Understanding of the Global Methane Budget in Support of the Paris Agreement

Ganesan

Schwietzke²,

Poulter

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

102

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The 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to keep global average temperature increases well below 2 °C of preindustrial levels in the Year 2100. Vital to its success is achieving a decrease in the abundance of atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. If this reduction is to be achieved, individual nations must make and meet reduction goals in their nationally determined contributions, with regular and independently verifiable global stock taking. Targets for the Paris Agreement have been set, and now the capability must follow to determine whether CH4 reductions are actually occurring. At present, however, there are significant limitations in the ability of scientists to quantify CH4 emissions accurately at global and national scales and to diagnose what mechanisms have altered trends in atmospheric mole fractions in the past decades. For example, in 2007, mole fractions suddenly started rising globally after a decade of almost no growth. More than a decade later, scientists are still debating the mechanisms behind this increase. This study reviews the main approaches and limitations in our current capability to diagnose the drivers of changes in atmospheric CH4 and, crucially, proposes ways to improve this capability in the coming decade. Recommendations include the following: (i) improvements to process‐based models of the main sectors of CH4 emissions—proposed developments call for the expansion of tropical wetland flux measurements, bridging remote sensing products for improved measurement of wetland area and dynamics, expanding measurements of fossil fuel emissions at the facility and regional levels, expanding country‐specific data on the composition of waste sent to landfill and the types of wastewater treatment systems implemented, characterizing and representing temporal profiles of crop growing seasons, implementing parameters related to ruminant emissions such as animal feed, and improving the detection of small fires associated with agriculture and deforestation; (ii) improvements to measurements of CH4 mole fraction and its isotopic variations—developments include greater vertical profiling at background sites, expanding networks of dense urban measurements with a greater focus on relatively poor countries, improving the precision of isotopic ratio measurements of 13CH4, CH3D, 14CH4, and clumped isotopes, creating isotopic reference materials for international‐scale development, and expanding spatial and temporal characterization of isotopic source signatures; and (iii) improvements to inverse modeling systems to derive emissions from atmospheric measurements—advances are proposed in the areas of hydroxyl radical quantification, in systematic uncertainty quantification through validation of chemical transport models, in the use of source tracers for estimating sector‐level emissions, and in the development of time and space resolved national inventories. These and other recommendations are proposed for...

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Higher yields and lower methane emissions with new rice cultivars

Cited by 147 publications

References 59 publications

Lower‐than‐expected CH₄ emissions from rice paddies with rising CO₂ concentrations

Lower‐than‐expected CH₄ emissions from rice paddies with rising CO₂ concentrations

Controlling variables and emission factors of methane from global rice fields

Advancing Scientific Understanding of the Global Methane Budget in Support of the Paris Agreement

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Higher yields and lower methane emissions with new rice cultivars

Cited by 147 publications

References 59 publications

Lower‐than‐expected CH4 emissions from rice paddies with rising CO2 concentrations

Lower‐than‐expected CH4 emissions from rice paddies with rising CO2 concentrations

Controlling variables and emission factors of methane from global rice fields

Advancing Scientific Understanding of the Global Methane Budget in Support of the Paris Agreement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Lower‐than‐expected CH₄ emissions from rice paddies with rising CO₂ concentrations

Lower‐than‐expected CH₄ emissions from rice paddies with rising CO₂ concentrations