“…Together with Jakupec and Garrick (2000), we think that it is difficult to generally define flexible learning. Nevertheless, some characteristics that most definitions of flexible learning have in common are already listed here: students should be active and constructive learners, as opposed to passive recipients (Mason, 1994;Mayer, 1999); there should be more learnercentration instead of teacher-centration (Lea, Stephenson, & Troy, 2003;Moran & Myringer, 1999); and learning resources should meet the needs of the learner (Van den Brande, 1993;Bridgland & Blanchard, 2001). Based on this student-centered perspective, we argue that the adaptability of learning to learners' needs and circumstances (Bowles, 2004), and therefore the provision of choice, is a key element of flexible learning (Collis & Moonen, 2001;Jochems, Merriënboer, & Koper, 2004).…”