High-Yield Production of Highly Fluorinated Graphene by Direct Heating Fluorination of Graphene-oxide

Wang, Xu; Dai, Yunyang; Gao, Jie; Huang, Jieyang; Li, Baoyin; Fan, Cong; Yang, Jin

doi:10.1021/am402958p

Cited by 152 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…However, these representative peaks either disappear or lower their intensities drastically in the NFG samples, suggesting the removal of oxygen functional groups from GO during the hydrothermal reduction. 43,44 All of these results confirm the partial reduction of GO as well as N and F atoms co-doping into the graphene framework during the hydrothermal reaction. 42 Moreover, the NFG and FG samples (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

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Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2015

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Supplementary InformaƟon (ESI) available: FT-IR spectrum, Raman spectrum, XRD patterns, XPS survey spectra, TEM and SEM images, the first three CV curves, Cycle performance, and rate capabilities of NG and RGO See Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene (NFG) with the N and F content as high as 3.24 and 10.9 at.% was prepared through the hydrothermal reaction of trimethylamine tri(hydrofluoride) [(C2H5)3N·3HF] and aqueous-dispersed graphene oxide (GO) as the anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The N and F co-doping in graphene increased the disorder and defects of the framework, enlarged the space of the interlayer, wrinkled the nanosheets with many open-edge sites, and thus faciliated Li ion diffusion through the electrode compared with sole-N or F doped graphene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of NFG demonstrated the presence of active pyridine and pyrrolic types N, and highly electrical conductive graphitic N and semi-ionic C-F bond in the structure. The N and F doping content and the component types of N and F functional groups could be controlled by the hydrothermal temperature. The NFG prepared at 150°C exhibited the best electrochemical performances tested as the anode of LIBs, including the high coulombic efficiency in the first cycle (56.7%), superior reversible specific discahrge capacity (1075 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 ), excellent rate capabilities (305 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 ), and outstanding cycling stability (capacity retention of ~95% at 5 A g −1 after 2000 cycles), which demonstrated NFG was a promising candidate for anode materials of high-rate LIBs. 18,20,25 Recently, it has been realized that doping graphene with two or more kinds of heteroatoms can further improve its electrochemical performances because Li-ion storage is not only related with the contents of heteroatoms but also with

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…S3b-d †). 43,55,58 These peaks can also be also in FG (Fig. S3a †), which further proves most of the oxygen functional groups are removed during the hydrothermal process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2015

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“…31 The graphene oxide (GO) prepared by Hummer's method was placed in one container filled with hydrazine and kept at room temperature for 72h. Then the products was dried at 100 °C , calling it reduced graphene oxide (rGO).…”

Section: Preparation Of Fluorinated Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original FG exhibits a broad peak from 1215 to 1110 cm -1 which is ascribed to the stretching vibration of C-F bonds υ (C-F). 31 The exact C-F bonding nature of fluorinated carbon materials is controversial. Some divides into non-volatile versus volatile fluorination sites due to the different electron density within the C-F bonds.…”

Section: Structural Transformation Of Fgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction and transformation of fluorinated graphene induced by ultraviolet irradiation

Ren

Wang

Dong

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on fluorinated graphene (FG) dispersed in toluene was investigated for the first time. The chemical and physical characteristics of FG before and after ultraviolet irradiation were analyzed by UV-vis, FTIR, XPS,EDS, oxygen flask combustion (OFC), XRD, TGA, Raman, SEM, TEM and fluorescence spectroscopy. It is found that the F/C ratio initially decreases rapidly and then slowly with irradiation time, finally to 0.179 after irradiation for 48 h. The nature of partial C-F bonds transforms from covalent to "semi-covalent" bonding in the process of irradiation. The restoration of new sp(2) clusters is fast at the early stage within 6 h of irradiation, promoting the structural rearrangement. The morphology of irradiated fluorinated graphene (iFG) is not significantly destroyed by ultraviolet while more overlapped sheets are formed due to quick defluorination. Photoluminescence (PL) properties show that "blue emission" located at 432 nm is enhanced due to the recovery of sp(2) domains. In particular, compared to non-aromatic solvents, there is a "synergistic effect" between aromatic solvents and ultraviolet in the defluorination process. FG is unstable and shows some structural transformations under ultraviolet irradiation, which can be used to tune its structure and properties.

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“…The obvious change of colour of FGO material suggests a high degree of fluorination. 25,26 Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was employed to explore the microstructure quality of the fabricated FGO and a typical transparent two-dimensional nanosheet-like structure is presented in Figure 3. But it was not perfect and smooth graphene sheet but covered by unordered wrinkles as observed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid induced fluorinated graphene oxide

Yang

Jia

2015

RSC Adv.

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High-Yield Production of Highly Fluorinated Graphene by Direct Heating Fluorination of Graphene-oxide

Cited by 152 publications

References 33 publications

Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Reduction and transformation of fluorinated graphene induced by ultraviolet irradiation

Acid induced fluorinated graphene oxide

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