High yield one-pot synthesis of high density and low freezing point jet-fuel-ranged blending from bio-derived phenol and cyclopentanol

Bio‐Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High‐Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels

“…[217][218][219] To leverage bio-derived phenolic compounds as feedstocks for high performance jet fuels, Zou and coworkers developed a one-pot alkylation/HDO procedure for the conversion of phenol and cyclopentanol to multicyclic alkanes. [220] The procedure produced a blend of cyclic hydrocarbons using Hβ and Pd/C as the catalysts. The resulting jet fuel blend containing bi-and tricyclic alkanes (78.7 and 18.7 wt %, respectively) exhibited a density of 0.89 g mL À 1 , kinematic viscosity of 22.2 mm 2 s À 1 at À 40°C, a freezing point below À 75°C, and a volumetric NHOC of 37.9 MJ L À 1 (Scheme 22).…”

“…A comparison of the freezing points of the pure compounds (Table 6) revealed that cyclopentylcyclohexane (Scheme 22, Table 6), was likely the component responsible for the low freezing point of the blend. [64,150,220] Scheme 21. Reaction pathway for formation of dimethyldecalins from cyclohexanol and methylcyclopentane.…”

“…[213–216] Aromatic hydrocarbons (catechol, 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol, m ‐cresol) have also been generated by thermochemical methods. [217–219] To leverage bio‐derived phenolic compounds as feedstocks for high performance jet fuels, Zou and coworkers developed a one‐pot alkylation/HDO procedure for the conversion of phenol and cyclopentanol to multicyclic alkanes [220] . The procedure produced a blend of cyclic hydrocarbons using H‐β and Pd/C as the catalysts.…”

“…Compared to bicyclic fuels with similar densities and molecular weights, the blend described in Scheme 22 showed better low‐temperature properties (freezing point <−75 °C) but high kinematic viscosity (3.5 mm 2 s −1 at 20 °C). A comparison of the freezing points of the pure compounds (Table 6) revealed that cyclopentylcyclohexane (Scheme 22, Table 6), was likely the component responsible for the low freezing point of the blend [64,150,220] …”

Potential of babassu biofuels use as aviation fuel

“…The difficulty in obtaining an aviation biofuel is related to elaborate a fuel that meets the physicochemical standards for this activity, like appropriate flow properties, suitable oxidation stability, right specific mass, satisfactory viscosity, and calorific power required to aeronautical demand (Bergthorson & Thomson, 2015;Kandaramath Hari et al, 2015;Nie et al, 2019).…”