High voltage with little current as an unconditional stimulus for taste avoidance conditioning in Lymnaea stagnalis

Takigami, Satoshi; Sunada, Hiroshi; Lukowiak, Ken; Sakakibara, Manabu

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.042

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Following the pretest, the conditioning and control procedures were all performed on the snails in the same Petri dish as the pretest. In the taste aversion training procedure, we paired the CS (10 mmol l −1 sucrose solution) with the US (3 s electric shock; Takigami et al, 2013;Ito et al, 2015). The CS was rinsed out with distilled water and then followed by the US.…”

Section: Taste Aversion Training (Cta) Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory block: A consequence of conflict resolution

Ito

Yamagishi

Hatakeyama

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Food deprivation for 1 day in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis before aversive classical conditioning results in optimal conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and long-term memory (LTM) formation, whereas 5-day food deprivation before training does not. We hypothesize that snails do in fact learn and form LTM when trained after prolonged food deprivation, but that severe food deprivation blocks their ability to express memory. We trained 5-day food-deprived snails under various conditions, and found that memory was indeed formed but is overpowered by severe food deprivation. Moreover, CTA-LTM was context dependent and was observed only when the snails were in a context similar to that in which the training occurred.

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Section: Taste Aversion Training (Cta) Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory block: A consequence of conflict resolution

Ito

Yamagishi

Hatakeyama

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In taste aversion training, we paired the 10 mM sucrose CS with a 3-s high voltage electric shock US ( Fig. 1; Sugai et al, 2006;Takigami, Sunada, Lukowiak, & Sakakibara, 2013). The inter-stimulus interval was 15 s between the onset of the CS and US.…”

Section: Taste Aversion Training Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the 3-s electric shock as the US (Takigami et al, 2013), we designed experiments to more conclusively answer this question. We first injected insulin (100 nM bovine insulin, the final concentration estimated in the snail body; see Murakami et al, 2013a) into Day 5 snails for 60 min before the taste aversion training procedure.…”

Section: Injection Of Insulin Into Severely Food-deprived Snailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An increase in insulin is important for the acquisition conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea

Mita¹,

Yamagishi²,

Fujito³

et al. 2014

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is formed following training where we pair presentation of a sucrose solution (the conditioned stimulus; CS) and an electric shock (the unconditioned stimulus; US) (Ito et al, 2013; Takigami et al, 2013). In snails, CTA persists for at least one month (Kojima et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents inLymnaea

et al. 2016

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The pond snail Lymnaea learns conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and remembers not to respond to food substances that initially cause a feeding response. The possible relationship between how well snails learn to follow taste-aversion training and brain dopamine contents is not known. We examined this relationship and found the following: first, snails in the act of eating just before the commencement of CTA training were poor learners and had the highest dopamine contents in the brain; second, snails which had an ad libitum access to food, but were not eating just before training, were average learners and had lower dopamine contents; third, snails food-deprived for one day before training were the best learners and had significantly lower contents of dopamine compared to the previous two cohorts. There was a negative correlation between the CTA grades and the brain dopamine contents in these three cohorts. Fourth, snails food-deprived for five days before training were poor learners and had higher dopamine contents. Thus, severe hunger increased the dopamine content in the brain. Because dopamine functions as a reward transmitter, CTA in the severely deprived snails (i.e. the fourth cohort) was thought to be mitigated by a high dopamine content.

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High voltage with little current as an unconditional stimulus for taste avoidance conditioning in Lymnaea stagnalis

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Memory block: A consequence of conflict resolution

Memory block: A consequence of conflict resolution

An increase in insulin is important for the acquisition conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea

Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents inLymnaea

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